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养猪资料

猪人工授精新技术

(美国南达科达州立大学供稿)施学仕 博士美国大豆协会-国际项目 上海代表处

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Training Boars for Semen Collection

训练公猪进行采精 Select a person who is patient and enjoys working with animals.选择一个有耐心并乐于与动物相处的人 Begin training during the isolation process by building a trust between you and the boar. Spend a few minutes each day scratching, rubbing and talking with the boar.训练开始于

隔离过程中，这时要在操作者和公猪之间建立 信任，每天花几分钟对公猪抓痒、擦拭和“对 话” Boars vary in their rate of sexual development. Some 7 mo old boars are ready to be trained and others require 4 - 6 wks longer.不同公猪的性成熟速度各异，有些7月龄

的公猪就可投入训练，而另一些可能要晚4~6 周才行。

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Training Boars (con’t)公猪训练(续) Provide a clean, dry, well lighted area free of distractions. A breeding mat helps provide footing. A boar that slips during mounting may be shy about attempting it again.

训练场地应该清洁、干燥、光照良好且无干扰。地上 铺上一个防滑垫可有助于公猪站稳，公猪在爬跨时滑 倒会羞于再次爬跨。 Keep the area about 8 x 10 ft, so that the boar is focused.

训练区域大小应在8×10英尺左右，以便公猪能够集中 精力。 If possible, collect a previously trained boar first. The odor and sound may stimulate the ―rookie” if he is located next to the collection area.

如有可能,先对先前接受了训练的公猪采精。令新公猪 站在近旁,采精时的气味和声响会对新公猪产生刺激

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Training Boars (con’t)公猪训练(续) Adjust the dummyso that it is equal to or slightly lower

than the boar being trained.调整假母猪的高度，

使其等于或略高于训练公猪的高度。 Plan for short training sessions (15 -20 min). Some boars may mount the dummy immediately but others may want to explore the pen and dummy for several session.每次

训练时间应该短些(15 ~ 20分钟)。有些公 猪会立即爬跨假母猪，而有些公猪在开始 几次训练中只是探究猪圈和假母猪。

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Training Boars (con’t)公猪训练(续) Some boars require coaxing. Crouchdown near the dummy, allow the boar to smell your hand and clothes and talk in a reassuring tone. Try pouring semen from a previous collection on the dummy.对有些公猪需要哄骗。要在假母猪

旁边蹲下，让公猪嗅闻你的手和衣服，采 用使公猪安定的声调召唤公猪。 Keep the boar focused on the dummy. If needed, use winged gates to keep him in front of the dummy.要使公猪集中关注假母猪。需要时

可用winged gate使公猪呆在假母猪的前 面。

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New Technologies新技术 Boar semen extenders公猪精液稀释剂 Intra-uterine Insemin

ation子宫内输精 Sexing of boar semen公猪精液性别化 Cloning and embryo transfer克隆和胚胎

移植

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Reasons for developing new long-term boar semen extenders研制长效公猪精液稀释剂的原因 More favorable work hours in boar stud

增加人工授精站的有效工时 Reduction or elimination of weekend collections

减少或避免周末采精 Reduced transportation cost of semen

降低精液运输成本 Testing of semen for PRRS before shipping/using semen可在精液运输/应用之前

测试其是否受到猪繁殖和呼吸综合征病毒污染 Longer storage life of延长精液储存时间 Fewer discards at the farm减少猪场中精液浪费

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New Long-Term Extenders新的长效稀释剂 Non-published formula未发表配方– Androhep® EnduraGuard – Androhep® EnduraGuard Shelf-life is 9 days有效期9天

Antibiotics抗生素

– SafeCell Plus SafeCell Plus Shelf-life is 9 days有效期9天 Liquid concentrated extender液态浓缩稀释剂 Specific blend of antibiotics与抗生素混合

– Mulberry III Mulberry III Shelf-life is 7 to 14 days有效期7~14天 Antibiotic抗生素

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Intra-uterine Insemination

子宫内输精 Intra-uterine ―body‖ insemination (IUBI)子宫内输精(子宫体内输精) Deep intra-uterine ―horn‖ insemination (DIUHI)深部子宫内输

精(子宫角内输精)

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Suggested beneficial aspects of intra-uterine body AI:

子宫体内输精的好处

Less back-flow减少精液回流 Fewer sperm cells per dose可减少每次输精 Smaller volume required可减少每次输精的精 Less time needed to inseminate可减少每次输 Less boars will be needed to produce sperm cells公猪的头数 Genetic cost will be lower?可降低种猪成本？

的精子数 液量

精花费的时间

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Percentage of sows inseminated that have backflow with traditional AI

传统输精法的精液回流情况No. sows evaluated 120 No. sows with backflow 76 63.3

Time of backflow

精液回流During AI

测试母猪数 有回流母猪数 有回流母猪%

% of sows with backflow

输精中

0 to .5 hr after AI 输精后0~0.5 小时 .5 to 2.5 hr after AI 输精后0.5~ 2.5 小时

112

110

98.2

80

78

97.5

Stevernik et al., Animal Reproduction Science 54:109-119, 1998.

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Proportion of total volume (80 mL) that was lost during and after traditional Ai

传统输精法总输精量80毫升中 输精中和输精后的损失比例

Time of backflow 回流时间 During AI 输精中 0 to .5 hr after AI

No. sows Total volume lost, %损失量% evaluated 测试母猪数 Average平均 Range范围 76 7% 1 to 56%

输精后0~0.5 小时

110

31%

3 to 76%

.5 to 2.5 hr after AI输精后0.5~ 2.5 小时

78

36%

1 to 94%

Stevernik et al., Animal Reproduction Science 54:109-119, 1998.

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Uterine 子宫体 body

DeepGoldenpig 深部Goldenpig输精管 8 inches

8英寸 (20.32毫米)

Go

ldenpig Goldenpig输精管IMV International

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新 Intra-uterine 方 body placement 法 of sperm cells 将 精 子 置 于 子 Traditional 宫 placement of 体 sperm cells 内 传统方法输 精法将精子 置于此处

Uterus is hostile to sperm 子宫不利于精 子生存

Phagocytosis细胞吞噬作用 Massive influx of polymorphonuclear Leucocytes at 30 minutes to 3 hours after spermatozoa enter uterine horn精子进入子宫 角后30分钟到3小时，多形核白 细胞大量出现

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Deep Intra-uterine Horn Insemination

深部子宫角内输精 Surgical procedure外科手术法– Not practical for commercial use – 不适合用于商业目的 – Not practical for commercial use – 不适合用于商业目的

Fiber optic endoscope光纤内镜 Flexible catheter柔软导管

– Used on non-sedated estrous sows – 用于非呆立发情的母猪 – Practical for commercial use – 适合用于商业目的

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Deep Intra-uterine “Horn” Artificial Insemination

深部子宫角内输精

FirFlex® Catheter (Patented by University of Murcia) FirFlex®输精管(专利权Murcia大学)Marketed in Europe by MAGAPOR (Spain, Portugal, Hungary)

由MAGAPOR公司在欧洲销售 (西班牙，葡萄牙，匈牙利)

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DNA differences between X- & Ychromosome-bearingspermatozoa

X精子和Y精子之间的差异

Vole田鼠– 12.5% Chinchilla南美栗鼠 – 7.5% Sheep绵羊– 4.2% Dog狗– 3.9% Cattle牛– 3.8% Elk]麋鹿 – 3.8% Horse马– 3.7%

Pigs猪– 3.6% Elephant象– 3.4% Camel骆驼– 3.3% Rabbit兔– 3.0% Human人– 2.8% Possum负鼠– 2.3% Turkey火鸡– 0.0%

L. A. Johnson. Animal Reproduction Science 60-61:93-107, 2000. L. A. Johnson. Reproduction, Fertility, and Development 7:893-903, 1995.

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Current problems with sexing boar semen:公猪精液性别化中的问题 Sorting process is too slow性别鉴定过程太慢 – 6 million per hour for X每小时6百万个X精子 – 6 million per hour for Y每小时6百万个Y精子 – 11 million per hour when sorting for only X仅 仅选择X精子可达每小时1100万 Decreased reproductive performance

降低繁殖性能

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Stimulating/Priming Uterus 刺激/敏化子宫 Adding oxytocin to each dose of semen在每 份精液中加入催产素 Adding prostaglandin to each dose of semen 在每份精液中加入前列腺素 ―Inserting‖ MR-A Predil prior to insemination 输精前加入人工合成的精浆制品MR-A Predil Mating gilts with sterile boar用不育的公猪与小 母猪交配 Inseminating gilts with dead semen用死精给 小母猪输精

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Farrowing rate and number of piglets born alive per litter when oxytocin was injected prior to inseminating with ―old‖ sperm cells.用老精子输精前注射催产素时

母猪的分娩率和窝产仔数 (BTS semen extenderBTS精液稀释剂) 分娩率(%)

Treatment处理 Sperm cells >72 hours of age

Farrowing rate, % Litt

er size

窝产仔数9.4 a

大于72时龄的精子Sperm cells >72 hours of age + oxytocin

68.2 a (n = 55)

85.2 b (n = 59) 17.0

10.1 b

大于72时龄的精子+催产素 Difference差异ab

0.7

(P < .05)

W. L. Flowers, NSCU