国际经济学习题 (12)

Suggested Answers to Textbook Questions

1.

2.

3. The welfare loss will be represented by areas 2 and 4 in the figure. The sum of these areas will be equal to $5 million. If the policy were a VER, then the tariff revenue (area 3 in the figure) must also be sent abroad This area will be equal to $10 million. The total welfare loss will then be $15 million. Exporters must be making at least $20 in profits for each $60 in shirts that they export. The tariff

revenue from the equivalent tariff restraint must then exceed this amount, implying that the tariff rate must be at least 1/3 for the equivalent tariff.

If demand increases, then the market has grown in real terms. With a quota in place, domestic producers can sell to all of the new consumers in the market, as the volume of imports will not

change. However, if a tariff is being used to protect the market, then an increase in demand will lead to an increase in both domestic sales and in imports of the product. Domestic producers will then only be able to sell to a fraction of the new consumers. They would then prefer the quota to the tariff. Welfare will be higher if domestic sales are subsidized as well as export sales. The subsidization of domestic sales leads to gains for domestic consumers, whereas the subsidization of export sales does not. The subsidization of domestic sales requires revenue that must be collected from domestic consumers, and thus domestic subsidization is rarely used.

An increase in the supply of Japanese semi-conductor chips could cause the price to fall. This increased supply could be produced by using the excess capacity that was present in the Japanese semi-conductor chip market.

The US is a net importer of sugar; thus the government would not want to enact policies that

discourage domestic production (resulting in more imports). The EU is a net exporter of sugar and thus it can impose policies that restrict production in order to provide higher prices for EU producers and still satisfy domestic consumption (while still resulting in exports). 4. 5. 6. 7.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is evidence that tariffs have curbed international specialization?

(a) Production is less specialized across cities within a country than across countries.

(b) There have been few efforts to reduce tariffs in the last 50 years.

(c) Tariffs on agricultural products generally exceed tariffs on manufactured goods.

(d) Production is more specialized across regions of the US than between the US and Canada. (e) None of the above.

2. Customs revenues represent what percent of US government revenue?

(a) less than 1%

(b) 5%

(c) 7%

(d) 10%

(e) 25%

Chapter 13 Trade Controls in Practice 89

3. Since the early 1930’s U.S. tariff rates have decreased around

(a) 90%.

(b) 67%.

(c) 33%.

(d) 20%.

(e) 10%.

4. Average tariffs on manufactured goods are around what level?

(a) less than 1%

(b) 3%

(c) 10%

(d) 25%

(e) 40%

5. In the 1930s, the world volume of trade decreased, chiefly as a result of

(a) the Smoot-Hawley Act.

(b) a decline in world-wide tariffs.

(c) the Great Depression.

(d) all of the above.

(e) (a) and (c).

6. A reduction in tariffs leads to

(a) a terms of trade loss to the exporter, if the importer is large.

(b) a terms of trade gain for a small country.

(c) a terms of trade loss for a small country.

(d) a terms of trade gain to the exporter, if the importer is large.

(e) none of the above.

7. Reciprocal tariff cutting

(a) must lead to all countries gaining.

(b) must lead to one country gaining at another’s expense.

(c) is never consistent with the political economy of tariffs.

(d) may lead to a deterioration in all countries terms of trade.

(e) none of the above.

8. During the last 40 years tariff barriers were substantially reduced. What happened to nontariff

barriers in developed countries over the same period?

(a) They were reduced more than tariffs.

(b) They were reduced, but less than tariffs.

(c) They remained relatively constant.

(d) They increased significantly.

(e) There are no clear studies of the trend on nontariff barriers.

9. The Tokyo Round of GATT talks was concerned with

(a) a cut in tariffs of about 35 percent.

90 Caves/Frankel/Jones - World Trade and Payments: An Introduction, Tenth Edition

(b) reductions in non-tariff barriers to trade.

(c) increased tariffs on agricultural products.

(d) establishment of the World Trade Organization.

(e) improved monitoring of trade disputes.

10. The Uruguay Round of GATT talks established policies for

(a) tariff cuts of around 40 percent.

(b) protection of intellectual property rights.

(c) reductions in non-tariff barriers to trade.

(d) the establishment of the World Trade Organization.

(e) all of the above.

11. The tariff reductions in the GATT have led to

(a) reductions in world trade volume.

(b) welfare losses for the world as a whole.

(c) an increase in non-tariff barriers to trade.

(d) decreased specialization in production.

(e) none of the above.

12. Quotas

(a) cannot generate for the government the same revenue as tariffs.

(b) must be auctioned or sold to generate revenue.

(c) can have the same effects on the market as tariffs.

(d) have the same effects on the market despite its industrial and competitive structure.

(e) (b) and (c).

13. If there is a monopoly in the domestic import competing industry, then

(a) the producer will prefer a quota and the government will prefer a tariff.

(b) both producer and government will prefer a tarif …… 此处隐藏：4902字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……