关于“动词-ing形式”的用法,本报语法栏目已作了大量的讲解。本文试图用“问题解答”和“判断正误”两种方式,从另外的角度来分析其用法。【问题解答】【问】No reference books are to be taken out of the reading room without permission. She walked slowly in order not to wake up the sleeping baby. 在这两句话中,reading 和sleeping 都分别作了room和baby的定语,但总感觉它们有些不同,请讲一下之间的区别好吗?

1. His asking questions is a good habit. (正确)

2. He asking questions is a good habit. (错误)

3. Him asking questions is a good habit. (错误)

4. Tom’s asking questions is a good habit. (正确)

5. Tom asking questions is a good habit. (错误)

第二组：

1. Do you mind his asking questions? (正确)

2. Do you mind him asking questions? (正确)

3. Do you mind he asking questions? (错误)

4. Do you mind Tom’s asking questions? (正确)

5. Do you mind Tom asking questions? (正确)

【分析】诊断已经给出，对错一目了然。“第一组”5个句子是动词-ing短语作主语，正确的句子只有两个：代词必须使用物主代词(his)，名词必须使用所有格形式，其他情况概不正确。“第二组”5个句子是动词-ing短语作宾语，正确的句子共有四个：只有代词主格是错的，其他形式都正确。

【问题解答】

【问】关于“动词-ing”逻辑主语的问题，什么对和什么错已经很明白了。还有一个问题就是，“动词-ing”也有被动语态吗? 请讲一下好吗?

【答】众所周知，英语的被动语态是由“be + 过去分词”构成。动词-ing也有主动和被动之分，如writing的被动形式是being written。动词-ing的被动语态表示它的逻辑主语是动作的接受者。请比较：

John tried to avoid seeing Mary these days. 近几天来，约翰试图避免见到玛丽。

John tried to avoid being seen by Mary these days. 近几天来，约翰试图避免被玛丽见到。 Charles likes taking his little sister to the theatre. 查尔斯喜欢带着她妹妹去剧院。

Charles likes being taken to the theatre. 查尔斯喜欢被别人领着去剧院。

He came into the office without asking the teacher for permission.

He came into the office without being asked.

以上句子，主动和被动的区别显而易见，无须多讲。动词-ing的被动语态在句中可以做何种成分呢?

1. 作宾语：

She remembered being told the news twice by her friend.

Tom was late and entered the classroom without being seen.

2. 作宾补：

She heard her name being called from behind.

When we got to the village, we found the trees being cut by the farmers.

3. 作状语：

Being praised by the teacher, she felt very proud.

Being examined by the doctor, he was very nervous.

4. 作主语：

Being scolded by his parents made John very upset.

Being chosen to attend the ceremony was a great honour to him.