连词和状语从句修正版
时间:2026-01-15
时间:2026-01-15
连词和状语从句
定义:用来充当状语的句子称为状语从句。
功能:它主要用于修饰句子中的谓语动词、形容词或副词等,有时修饰整个句子。 位置:状语从句的位置较活:可以放在主句之前,用逗号与主句隔开;也可以放在主句之后,一般不用逗号。由于它是从各个方面来修饰、说明谓语动词发生时的各种情况,所以常见的状语从句有九种之多。各种不同的状语从句所使用的关系词也各不相同。
一、时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词有很多,现将分类用法如下:
1.从属连词when,while与as
注: 1)when还可作并列连词,其意义为“那时,这时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:
sb.was doing sth.when...某人正在干某事就在这时
sb.was about to/ going to do sth.when...某人正打算干某事就在这时
sb.body has just done somesth.when...某人刚干了某事就在这时
2)when还表示原因“既然”。如:
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk here in five minutes.既然你可以步行五分钟就能到这儿,坐出租车来真是愚蠢。
3)while作为并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。
He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music.
他喜欢流行音乐,而我却喜欢民间音乐。
4)如果主句表示的是短暂动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时,when,while与as可互换使用。如:
When/While/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.我在街道上走的时候,见到了我的一个老朋友。
2.从属连词:as soon as,immediately,directly,the moment,the minute,no
sooner...than...,
hardly/scarcely... when...,once
这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,意为“一 就 ”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。如:
Once you remember it,you’ll never forget it.一旦你记住它,就永远不会忘记。 The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming.
我一听到声音,就知道是父亲来了。
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
我们一到达车站,车就开了。
注:no sooner...than...; hardly/scarcely...when...这一结构的时态搭配:no sooner与hardly/scarcely引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when的从句中谓语应用一般过去时。此外,当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,应用倒装语序。 我一到家,天就开始下雨了。
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
→Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
3.till,until (not...until/till...直到 才)
Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我,我对此事才有所了解。
2)如果将“not until...”结构放在句首,那么主句要写成倒装句。如:
Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it.
直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误,他们才意识到。
4.every time,each time,next time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句,表示“每当 ,每次 ,下次 ”。如:
Every/Each time I was in trouble,he would come to help me out.
每次我遇到麻烦,他总会来帮我。
Next time you come,do remember to bring your son here.
下次你来的时候,一定要记得把你儿子带来。
5.从属连词:before(在 之前),after(在 之后),since(自从 以来)。如: Please remember to turn off all the lights before you leave the classroom. 离开教室前,请记得把所有的灯都关上。
注:1)上述三个连词,既是从属连词,也是介词。
2)若表达“还未 就 ”“不到 就 ”“ 才 ”“趁 ,还没来得及”时,需用连词before。如:
We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。
Please write it down before you forget it.
趁你现在没忘把它记下来。
二、地点状语从句
1.常用的引导词有where(在 地方),wherever(无论在什么地方)等。指具体地点时,从句可用于主句之前或之后,表示抽象条件时,从句须放在主句之前。如:
The university graduates are determined to go wherever they are needed most.
那些大学毕业生们决心去最需要他们的地方。
They are planting trees where there is plenty of water and sunlight.
他们在阳光雨水充分的地方植树。
Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。
2.注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。
你最好在有问题的地方作个标记。
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)
You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句)
三、条件状语从句
1.常用的引导词有if(如果,假如),unless(除非,要不 就不),as long as(只要),so long as(只要),provided (that)(只要),suppose/supposing(假设),on condition (that)(如果)等。如:
I may not come to see you recently unless I can complete the project ahead of time.
除非我能提前完成那个项目,否则我最近不会来看你了。
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