太阳能热利用 热发电 光伏发电 论文

太阳能热利用 热发电 光伏发电 论文

Solar Thermal Power Plants

prepared for the EUREC-Agency

drafted version with status of May 03, 2000

prepared by

M. Becker*, W. Meinecke*, M. Geyer*, F. Trieb*, M. Blanco**, M. Romero**, Ferrière, A. ***1 Introduction, Potential and Strategic Summary

In solar thermal power plants the incoming radiation is tracked by large mirror fields whichconcentrate the energy towards absorbers. They, in turn, receive the concentrated radiationand transfer it thermally to the working medium. The heated fluid operates as in conventionalpower stations directly (if steam or air is used as medium) or indirectly through a heatexchanging steam generator on the turbine unit which then drives the generator.

To make solar high flux, with high energetic value originating from processes occurring at thesun's surface at black-body-equivalent temperatures of approximately 5800 K usable fortechnical processes and commercial applications, different concentrating technologies havebeen developed or are currently under development for various commercial applications.Such solar thermal concentrating systems will undoubtedly provide within the next decade asignificant contribution to efficient and economical, renewable and clean energy supply.

This paper deals with three different technologies for solar thermal power plants making useof concentrating solar energy systems (Figure 1), namely by

parabolic troughs,

central receivers (towers) and

parabolic dishes.

The White Paper of the European Commission for a community strategy and action plan onrenewable energies of 1997 foresees at least 1 GWe of those systems implemented inEurope by the year 2010. This objective can be achieved by a scenario of a number of 25 to30 commercial solar thermal power plants with 30 to 50 MWe unit size each and distributedalong the South of Europe.

These solar thermal technologies comply with the prime objectives and key research,technology, and demonstration actions of the Fifth Framework Programme of the EuropeanCommission, because

their developments will enhance the deployment of solar energy systems for bulk

electricity production and the conservation of fossil energy, consequently preserving theenvironment in particular with respect to their high potential to contribute to the reductionof the CO2 emissions,

they reduce the generating costs of solar power plants, and thus contribute to ensure

durable and reliable energy services at affordable costs in the medium- to long-termrange,

___________________________

* DLR; Köln, Stuttgart and Almería

** CIEMAT; Madrid and Almería

*** CNRS; Odeillo

太阳能热利用 热发电 光伏发电 论文

they will provide the European industry with a privileged technological position, thus

opening industrial growth possibilities not only to the internal market of southernEuropean countries but also to the export of equipment and services in the field of solarplant installations; in some respect, the solar specific technology required in most casesis also accessible to the local industries; the opportunity to create links with developingcountries and their markets is self-evident,

they have the potential to contribute to the social objectives of the European Union as to

the quality of life, health, safety (including working conditions) and job creation; theerection of such plants at undeveloped areas in southern Europe can create newopportunities of industrial fabrication, of assembling and of operation and maintenance.So, solar thermal power plant technologies are important candidates for providing a majorshare of the clean and renewable energy needed in the future, because

solar thermal power stations are among the most cost-effective renewable power

technologies; they promise to become competitive with fossil-fuel plants within the nextdecade,

solar thermal power stations are already today of well-proven and demonstrated

technology; since 1985 nine parabolic trough-type solar thermal power plants inCalifornia have fed more than 8 billion kWh of solar-based electricity into the SouthernCalifornian grid, demonstrating the soundness of the concept,

solar thermal power stations are now ready for more intensified market penetration;

accelerated grid-connected applications will lead to further innovation and cost reduction.However, no new commercial solar thermal power plants have been built since the last two80 MWe parabolic trough plants (SEGS VIII and IX) were connected to the SouthernCalifornia grid in 1991 and 1992 respectively, due to the following main reasons:

financial uncertainties caused by delayed renewal of favourable tax provisions for solar

systems in California

financial problems and subsequent bankruptcy of the U.S./Israeli LUZ group, the first

commercial developer of private solar power projects

rapid drop of fossil energy prices and following stable energy prices at low levels since

years world-wide

required large unit capacities of solar thermal power stations to meet competitiveconditions for the generation of bulk electricity, resulting in financing constraints due to theinherently large share of capital costs for solar installations

rapidly decreasing depreciation times of capital investments for power plants due to the

deregulation of the electricity market and the shift to private investor ownership of newplant projects world-wide

dropping specific prices and enhanced efficiencies of installed conventional power plant

installations, particularly of combined cycle power plants

missing favourable financial and political environments for new initiatives for the

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