低压配电系统串联电弧故障实验研究与电弧性短路故障仿真分析

低压配电系统串联电弧故障实验研究

与电弧性短路故障仿真分析

重庆大学硕士学位论文

学生姓名：桂小智

指导教师：雍静

专 业：电气工程

学科门类：工学

重庆大学电气工程学院

二O一一年五月

Experimental Research on Series Arc Fault

& Simulation Analysis on Grounding

Arc Fault in Low Voltage

Distribution System

A Thesis Submitted to Chongqing University

in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the

Degree of Master of Engineering

By

Gui Xiaozhi

Supervised by Prof. Yong Jing

Specialty：Electrical Engineering

College of Electrical Engineering of Chongqing University,

Chongqing, China

May, 2011

摘 要

现代国民经济对电力供应的依赖性日益增大，低压配电系统的规模、容量也在不断地扩大，停电事故造成的后果和损失越来越严重，因而对电力系统的安全运行和供电可靠性提出了越来越高的要求。纵观每年全国的火灾事故统计，电气火灾事故一直是居于整个火灾事故首位，而由绝缘老化、接触不良等原因引起的电弧故障是引起电气火灾的主要原因之一。针对不能够有效地检测出低压配电系统中的串联电弧故障这个问题，论文通过由电弧发生器构成的串联电弧故障试验装置，对住宅与办公建筑低压配电系统典型负载回路中正常和存在串联电弧故障时的回路电流进行采集，提出了基于自回归模型参数的串联电弧故障的识别方法；针对目前没有有效的方法去评估低压配电系统中的单相电弧性短路故障，论文利用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真软件建模的方法解决了该问题。具体工作如下：

①. 建立能够实现对住宅与办公建筑低压配电系统回路中的串联电弧故障识别的3阶Burg自回归参数模型法，利用电弧发生器模拟低压配电系统中的串联电弧故障，通过大量的实验提出适用于住宅与办公建筑中的参考矢量，实验证明该方法的有效性，不仅实现对线性负载回路中的串联电弧故障的识别，而且实现对非线性负载及其组合回路中串联电弧故障的识别，解决低压配电系统中各种各样的非线性负载对串联电弧故障识别所带来的检测困难。

②. 对于低压配电系统中的单相电弧性短路故障，通过对现有的电弧数学模型进行研究，利用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真软件对适用于低压配电系统的数学模型建模，建立能够反映任意低压配系统单相电弧性短路故障回路电流有效值的仿真模型，并基于此仿真模型分析以“金属性”预期短路电流评估电弧性短路故障的不足，而应该采用故障电弧电流有效值和电弧两端电压有效值。同时，根据低压断路器的电流—时间特性，分析电弧故障时保护可能出现的动作延迟现象，提出在对低压配电系统进行设计、安装时，利用该仿真模型计算电弧性短路故障回路电流的重要性。

关键词：低压配电系统，串联电弧故障，自回归参数模型，单相电弧性短路故障

ABSTRACT

The modern economy's dependence on electricity supply becomes much more and more important day after day; both low voltage distribution system size and capacity are constantly expanding, and the consequences and loss of power outages more and more serious. Therefore, the safe operation and the reliability of the power system is increasingly high demanded. Throughout the annual national fire statistics, electrical fires have been living in the fire first, and the series arc fault because of the insulation aging is one of the main causes of electrical fires. For the problem that can not effectively detect series arc fault in low-voltage distribution system, this thesis, collected loop current in residential and office building’s in low voltage distribution systems with typical loads which have series arc fault by the test platform. A series arc fault identification method was proposed based on the Automatic regression model parameter; because there was no effective way to assess the single phase to ground arcing fault in low-voltage distribution system, thesis used the MATLAB software to build a model for solving the problem. Specifically as follows:

The built arc generator can simulate and reflect the series arc fault in low-voltage distribution system; the series arc fault identification in residential and office buildings’ low-voltage distribution system was achieved through established 3 order burg autoregressive parameter model method; through a large number of experiments, this paper proposed a reference vector fit for residential and office buildings and the experimental results also show the effectiveness of the method. It can achieve not only the series arc fault identification in linear load circuit, but also the series arc fault identification in non-linear load and its combination circuit. This method effectively solves the interference of series arc fault identification by the nonlinear loads in low voltage distribution systems.

For single-phase arc short fault in low-voltage distribution system, based on the research on existing mathematical models of the arc, the paper used MATLAB/ SIMULINK simulation software to build a simulation model that could reflect single-phase arc short fault’s circuit current RMS in any low-voltage distribution system. Based on the simulation model, the limitation of assessing the single-phase arc short fault by the expected metal short-circuit current was analyzed, and this paper proposed the arc fault RMS current and RMS arc voltage should be use …… 此处隐藏：17990字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……