2014年12月四级真题(第2套)

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayaboutacoursethathasimpressedyoumostincollege.Youshouldstatethereasonsandwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA．,B．,C．andD．,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.A．Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.

B．Shewaspopularamongboys.

C．Shewassomewhatoverweight.

D．Shedidn'tdowellathighschool.

2.A．Attheairport.

B．Inarestaurant.

C．Inabookingoffice.

D．Atthehotelreception.

3.A．Teachinghersonbyherself.

B．Inarestaurant.

C．Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.

D．Tellinghersonnottoworry.

4.A．Haveashortbreak.

B．Taketwoweeksoff.

C．Continueherworkoutdoors.

D．Goonvacationwiththeman.

5.A．Heistakingcareofhistwinbrother.

B．Taketwoweeksoff.

C．HeisworriedaboutRod'shealth.

D．Hehasbeeninperfectcondition.

6.A．Shesoldallherfurniturebeforeshemovedhouse.

B．Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse.

C．Sheplanstoputallheroldfurnitureinthebasement.

D．SheboughtanewsetoffurniturefromItalylastmonth.

7.A．Thewomanwonderedwhythemandidn'treturnthebook.

B．Thewomandoesn'tseemtoknowwhatthebookisabout.

C．Thewomandoesn'tfindthebookusefulanymore.

D．Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman.

8.A．Mostoftheman'sfriendsareathletes.

B．Fewpeoplesharethewoman'sopinion.

C．Themandoesn'tlooklikeasportsman.

D．Thewomandoubtstheman'sathleticability.

Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

9.A．Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.

B．Sheisgoingtogetitattheairport.

C．Shehasprobablyleftitinataxi.

D．Sheisafraidthatshehaslostit.

10.A．Itendsinwinter.

B．Itwillcostheralot.

C．Itwilllastoneweek.

D．Itdependsontheweather.

11.A．Theplaneistakingoffsoon.

B．Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.

C．Theremightbeatrafficjam.

D．Thereisalotofstufftopack.

12.A．Athome.

B．Attheairport.

C．Intheman'scar.

D．Bythesideofataxi.

Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

13.A．Sheisthirstyforpromotion.

B．Shewantsamuchhighersalary.

C．Sheistiredofherpresentwork.

D．Shewantstosavetravelexpenses.

14.A．Translator.

C．Languageinstructor.

B．Travelagent.

D．Environmentalengineer.

15.A．Livelypersonalityandinquiringmind.

B．Communicationskillsandteamspirit.

C．Devotionandworkefficiency.

D．Educationandexperience.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA．,B．,C．andD．.

ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

PassageOne

Questions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A．Theycarealotaboutchildren.

B．Theyneedlookingafterintheiroldage.

C．Theywanttoenrichtheirlifeexperience.

D．Theywantchildrentokeepthemcompany.

17.A．Theyareusuallyadoptedfromdistantplaces.

B．Theirbirthinformationisusuallykeptsecret~

C．Theirbirthparentsoftentrytoconcealtheirbirthinformation.

D．Theiradoptiveparentsdon'twantthemtoknowtheirbirthparents.

18.A．Theygenerallyholdbadfeelingstowardstheirbirthparents.

B．Theydonotwanttohurtthefeelingsoftheiradoptiveparents.

C．Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents.

D．Theyarefullyawareoftheexpensesinvolvedinthesearch.

19.A．Earlyadoptionmakesforcloserparent-childrelationship.

B．Most.peopleprefertoadoptchildrenfromoverseas.

C．Understandingisthekeytosuccessfuladoption.

D．Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.

PassageTwo

Questions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

20.A．Hesufferedfrommentalillness.

B．HeboughtTheWashingtonPost.

C．Heturnedafailingnewspaperintoasuccess.

D．Hewasonceareporterforamajornewspaper.

21.A．ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.S.publishingcompany.

B．ShegotherfirstjobasateacherattheUniversityofChicago.

C．Shecommittedsuicidebecauseofhermentaldisorder.

D．Shetookoverherfather'spositionwhenhedied.

22.A．Peoplecametoseetheroleofwomeninthebusinessworld.

B．KatharineplayedamajorpartinreshapingAmericans'mind.

C．AmericanmediawouldbequitedifferentwithoutKatharine.

D．Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.

PassageThree

Questions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

23.A．It'llenablethemtoenjoythebestmedicalcare.

B．It'llallowthemtoreceivefreemedicaltreatment.

C．It'llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.

D．It'llpreventthedoctorsfromoverchargingthem.

24.A．Theycan'timmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost.

B．Theyhavetogothroughverycomplicatedapplicationprocedures.

C．Theycanonlyvisitdoctorswhospeaktheirnativelanguages.

D．Theymaynotbeabletoreceivetimelymedicaltreatment.

25.A．Theydon'thavetopayforthemedicalservices.

B．Theyneedn'tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.

C．Theymustsendthereceiptstotheinsurancecompanypromptly.

D．Theyhavetopayamuchhigherpricetogetaninsurancepolicy.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Final-ly,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Moreandmoreoftheworld'spopulationarelivingintownsorcities.Thespeedatwhichcitiesaregrowinginthelessdevelopedcountriesis(26)__________.Between1920and1960bigcitiesindevelopedcountriesincreasedtwoandahalftimesinsize,butinotherpartsoftheworldthegrowthwaseighttimestheirsize.The(27)__________sizeofgrowthisbadenough,buttherearenowalsoverydisturb-ingsignsoftroubleinthe(28)__________ofpercentagesofpeoplelivingintownsandper-centagesofpeopleworkinginindustry.Duringthenineteenthcenturycitiesgrew(29)__________thegrowthofindustry.InEuropetheproportionofpeoplelivingincitiesWasalwayssmallerthanthatoftheworkForceworkingin

factories.Now,however,the(30)__________isalmostalwaystreeinthenewlyindustrialisedworld:thepercentageofpeoplelivingincitiesismuchhigherthanthepercentageworkinginindustry.

Withoutabaseofpeopleworkinginindustry,thesecitiescannot(31)__________theirgrowth;thereisnotenoughmoneytobuildadequatehousesforthepeoplethatlivethere,(32)__________thenewarrivals.Therehasbeenlittleopportunitytobuildwatersuppliesorother(33)__________So,thefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcities(34)__________proportionalgrowthofunemploymentandunderemployment,agrowthinthenumberofhopelessand

(35)__________parentsandstarvingchildren.

PartⅡIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AsanAlaskanfisherman,TimothyJune,54,usedtothinkthathewassafefromindustrialpollutants(污染物)athishomeinHaines--atownwithapopulationof2,400peopleand4,000eagles,with8millionacresofprotectedwildlandnearby.Butinearly2007,Juneagreedtotakepartina36of35Americansfromsevenstates.Itwasabiomonitoringproject,inwhichpeople'sbloodandur/ne(尿)weretestedfor37ofchemicals--inthiscase,threepotentiallydangerousclassesofcompoundsfoundincommonhousehold38likefacecream,tincans,andshowercurtains.TheinNovemberinareportcalled"IsItinUs?"byanenvironmentalgroup--wereratherworrying.Everyoneoftheparticipants,40fromanminoisstate

senatortoaMassachusettsminister,testedpositiveforallthreeclassesofpollutants.Andwhilethe41presenceofthesechemicalsdoesnot42indicateahealthrisk,thefactthattypicalAmericanscarrythesechemicalsatallandhisfellowparticipants.

Clearly,therearechemicalsinourbodiesthatdon'tthere.Alarge,ongoingstudyconductedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionhasfound148chemicalsinAmericansofallages.

Andin2005,theEnvironmentalWorkingGroupfoundanof200chemicalsinthebloodof10new-borns."Ourbabiesarebeingbornpre-polluted,"saysSharylePattonofCommonweal,whichcosponsored"IsItinUs?Thisisgoingtobethenextbigenvironmentalissueafterclimatechange."

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A．analyses

B．average

C．belong

D．demonstrated

E．excess

F．extending

G．habitually

H．necessarily

I．products

J．ranging

K．released

L．shocked

M．simple

N．survey

O．traces

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

InHardEconomyforAllAges,OlderIsn'tBetter...It'sBrutal

[A]Younggraduatesareindebt,outofworkandontheirparents'couches.Peopleintheir30sand40scan'taffordtobuyhomesorhavechildren.Retireesareearningnear-zerointerestontheirsavings.

[B]Inthecurrentlistless(缺乏活力的)economy,everygenerationhasaclaimtohavingbeenmostinjured.ButtheLaborDepartment'slatestjobsreportsandotherrecentdatapresentastrongcaseforcrowningbabyboomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的人)asthegreatestvictimsoftherecessionanditsdreadfulconsequences.

[C]TheseAmericansintheir50sandearly60s--thosenearretirementagewhodonotyethaveaccesstoMedicareandSocialSecurity--havelostthemostearningspowerofanyagegroup,withtheirhouseholdincomes10percentbelowwhattheymade

whentherecoverybeganthreeyearsago,accordingtoSentierResearch,adataanalysiscompany.Theirretirementsavingsandhomevaluesfellsharplyattheworstpossibletime:justbeforetheyneededtocashout.Theyaresupportingbothagedparentsandunemployedyoung-adultchildren,earningthemtheunluckynickname"GenerationSqueeze."

[D]Newresearchsuggeststhattheymaydiesooner,becausetheirhealth,incomesecurityandmentalwell-beingwerebattered(重创)byrecessionatacrucialtimeintheirlives.ArecentstudybyeconomistsatWellesleyCollegefoundthatpeoplewholosttheirjobsinthefewyearsbeforebecomingqualifiedforSocialSecuritylostuptothreeyearsfromtheirlifeexpectanv'y(预期寿命),largelybecausetheynolongerhadaccesstoaffordablehealthcare.

[E]UnemploymentratesforAmericansnearingretirementarefarlowerthanthoseforyoungpeople,whoarerecentlyoutofschool,withfewerskillsandashorterworkhistory.Butonceoutofajob,olderworkershaveamuchhardertimefindinganotherone.Overthelastyear,theaveragedurationofunemploymentforolderpeoplewas53weeks,comparedwith19weeksforteenagers,accordingtotheLaborDepartment'sjobsreportreleasedonFriday.

[F]Thelengthyprocessispartlybecauseolderworkersaremorelikelytohavebeenlaidofffromindustriesthataredownsizing,http://paredwiththerestofthepopulation,olderpeoplearealsomorelikelytoowntheirownhomesandbelessmobilethanrenters,whocanmovetonewjobmarkets.

[G]Olderworkersaremorelikelytohaveadisabilityofsomesort,perhapslimitingtherangeofjobsthatofferrealisticchoices.Theymayalsobelessinclined,atleastinitially,totakejobsthatpayfarlessthantheiroldpositions.

[H]Displacedboomersalsobelievetheyarevictimsofagediscrimination,becauseemployerscaneasilyfindayoung,energeticworkerwhowillacceptlowerpayandwhocanpotentiallystickaroundfordecadesratherthanafewyears.

[I]Inasurveyofolderworkerswhowerelaidoffduringtherecession,justoneinsixhadfoundanotherjob,andhalfofthatgrouphadacceptedpaycuts.14%ofthere-employedsaidthepayintheirnewjobwaslessthanhalfwhattheyearnedintheirpreviousjob."Ijustsaytomyself:'Whyme?WhathaveIdonetodeservethis?'"saidJohnAgati,56,whoselastfull-timejob,asaproductdeveloper,endedfouryearsagowhenhisemployerwentoutofbusiness.Thatpositionpaid$90,000,andhisresumelistsjobsatcompanieslikeAmericanExpress,DisneyandUSANetworks.Sincebeinglaidoff,though,hehasworkedaseriesofpart-time,low-wage,temporarypositions,includingsellingshoesatLord&Taylorandmakingsalescallsforacarcompany.

[J]Thelastfewyearshavetakenatoilnotonlyonhisfamily'sfinances,butalsoonhisfeelingsofself-worth."Youjustgetsad,"Mr.Agatisaid."Iseepeoplegettingupinthemorning,goingouttotheircareersandgoinghome.IjustwishIwasdoingthat.Somepeopledon'tliketheirjobs,ortheyhaveproblemswiththeirjobs,butatleastthey'reworking.IjustwishIwasintheirshoes."

Hesaidhecannotaffordtogobacktoschool,asmanyyoungerpeoplewithoutjobshavedone.Evenifhecouldaffordit,economistssayitisunclearwhetherolder

workerslikehimbenefitmuchfrommoreeducation.

[K]"Itjustdoesn'tmakesensetoofferretrainingforpeople55andolder,"saidDanielHamermesh,aneconomicsprofessor."Discriminationbyage,long-termunemployment,andthefactthatthey'renowattheendofthehiringqueuejustdon'tmakeitsensibletoinvestinthem."

[L]Manydisplacedolderworkersaretakingthismessagetoheartandleavingthelaborforceentirely.TheshareofolderpeopleapplyingforSocialSecurityearlyrosequicklyduringtherecessionaspeoplesoughtwhateverincometheycouldfind.Thepenaltytheywillpayispermanent,asretireeswhotakebenefitsatage62willreceiveasmuchas30%lessineachmonth'scheckfortherestoftheirlivesthantheywouldiftheyhadwaiteduntilfullretirementage(66forthosebornafter1942).

[M]ThosenotyetqualifiedforSocialSecurityareincreasinglyapplyingforanother,comparablekindofincomesupportthatoftengoestopeoplewhoexpectnevertoworkagain:disabilitybenefits.Morethanoneineightpeopleintheirlate50sisnowonsomeformoffederaldisabilityinsuranceprogram,accordingtoProfessorMarkDugganattheUniversityofPennsylvania'sWhartonSchool.

[N]TheveryoldestAmericans,ofcourse,werebatteredbysomeofthesameillwindsthattormented(折磨)thosenownearingretirement,butatleastthemostseniorwerecushionedbyamorereadilyavailablesocialsafetynet.Moreimportant,inastatisticaltwist,theymayhaveactuallybenefitedfromthefinancialcrisisinthemostfundamentalway:longerlives.

[O]Deathratesforpeopleover65havehistoricallyfallenduringrecessions,accordingtoaNovember2011studybyeconomistsattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Why?Theresearchersarguethatweakjobmarketspushmoreworkersintoacceptingrelativelyundesirableworkatnursinghomes,leadingtobettercareforresidents.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46.Greatermobilityputsyoungerpeopleatanadvantageinseekingnewjobs.

47.Manyoftheolderworkerslaidoffduringtherecessionhadtoacceptlowerpayintheirnewjobs.

48.Thosewholosetheirjobsshortlybeforeretirementageliveashorter-than-averagelife.

49.Seniorsatnursinghomescouldbenefitfromtheweakjobmarket.

50.Agediscriminationinemploymentmakesitpointlessretrainingolderworkers.

51.Accordingtorecentreportsanddataanalyses,boomerssuffermostfromtheweakeconomy.

52.Unemployedboomersareatadisadvantageinjob-huntingbecauseemployerstendtohireyoungerworkers.

53.Peopleintheirfiftiesandearlysixtiesbeartheheaviestfamilyburdens.

54.PeoplewhotakebenefitsfromSocialSecuritybeforeofficialretirementagewillgetmuchlessfortherestoftheirlives.

55.Olderworkers'choiceofjobscanbelimitedbecauseofdisability.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked'A．,B．,C．andD．.

YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

NewYorkersaregraduallygettingusedtomorepedaling(骑车的)passengersonthoseshiningblueCitiBikes.Butwhataboutlocalbikeshops?IsCitiBikerollingupridersattheirexpense?

AtGothamBikesinTribeca,managerW.Bensaidtheshophasseenanincreaseinitsoverallsalesduetothebike-shareprogram."It'sgettingmorepeopleontheroad,"hesaid.JamesRyan,anemployeeatDanny'sCyclesinGramercyalsosaidCitiBikeisagoodoptionforpeopletoeaseintobikinginacityfamedforitstrafficjamsandaggressivedrivers."Theycantryoutabikewithoutcommittingtobuyingone,"hesaid.

RentalsarenotabigpartofthebusinessateitherGothamBikesorDanny'sCycles.ButforFrank'sBikeShop,asmallbusinessonGrandSt.,thebike-shareprogramhasbeenbadnews.OwnerFrankArroyosaidhisrentalbusinesshasdecreasedby90％sinceCitiBikewasrolledoutlastmonth.

Arroyo'smainrentalcustomersareEuropeantourists,whohavesincebeendrawnawaybyCitiBikes.

However,Bensaidthebike-shareisgoodforbikesalesathisshop."Peoplehaveusedthebike-shareandrealizedhowgreatitistobikeinthecity,thendecidethattheywantsomethingnicerforthemselves,"henoted.

ChristianFarrellofWaterfrontBicycleShop,onWestSt.justnorthofChristopherSt.,saidinitiallyhewasconcernedaboutbike-share,though,headmitted,"Iwashappytoseepeopleonbikes."

Farrell'searlyconcernswereechoedbyAndrewCrooks,ownerofNYCVelo,at64SecondAve."Itseemedlikeagreatidea,butonethatwouldbedifficulttoimplement,"CrookssaidofCitiBike.Hesaidheworriedaboutinexperiencedriders'lackofawarenessofbildngrulesandstrongnegativereactionfromnon-cyclists.However,hesaid,it'sstilltooearlytotellffhisbusinesshasbeenimpacted.Whileit'spossiblebike-sharewillcauseadropinbusiness,CrooksallowedthattheideaisapositivestepforwardforNewYorkCity.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56.Whatistheauthor'schiefconcernabouttheincreasinguseofCitiBikesinNewYork?

A．Hownon-cyclistswillrespondtoit.

B．Whetherlocalbikeshopswillsuffer.

C．Whetherlocalbikebusinesseswillopposeit.

D．Howthesafetyofbikeriderscanbeensured.

57.WhathappenedtoGothamBikesasaresultofthebike-shareprogram?

A．Itfounditsbikesalesunaffected.

B．Itshifteditsbusinesstorentals.

C．Itsawitsbikesalesontherise.

D．Itrentedmorebikestotourists.

58.Whyisthebike-shareprogrambadnewsforFrank'sBikeShop?

A．Itcannotmeetthedemandofthebike-shareprogram.

B．ItscustomershavebeendrawnawaybyCitiBikes.

C．Itsbikepriceshavetobeloweredagainandagain.

D．Ithastocompetewiththecity'sbikerentalshops.

59.WhydidAndrewCrooksthinkthatthebike-shareprogramwouldbedifficulttoexecute?

A．Inexperiencedridersmightbreakbikingrules.

B．Conflictsmightariseamongbikerentalshops.

C．Trafficconditionsmightworseninthedowntownarea.

D．Therearenotenoughlanestoaccommodatethebikes.

60.WhatisthegeneralattitudeoflocalbikeshopstowardsCitiBike?

A．Wait-and-see.

B．Negative.

C．Indifferent.

D．Approving.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Variousstudieshaveshownthatincreasedspendingoneducationhasnotledtomeasurableimprovementsinlearning.Between1980and2008,staffandteachersatU.S.publicschoolsgrewroughlytwiceasfastasstudents.Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests.

Universitiesshowsimilartrendsofincreasedadministrationpersonnelandcostswithoutgreaterlearning,asdocumentedinRichardArumandJosipaRoksa'srecentbookAcademicallyAdrift:LimitedLearningonCollegeCampuses.

Asurveyshowsthat63%ofemployerssaythatrecentcollegegraduatesdon'thavethesldllstheyneedtosucceedand25%ofemployerssaythatentry-levelwritingskillsarelacking.

Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork.Publicschoolsworkedwelluntilaboutthe1970s.Infact,untilthattime,publicschoolsprovidedfarbettereducationthanprivateones.Itwastheunderperformingstudentswhowerethrownoutofpublicschoolsandwenttoprivateones.

Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworldngoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest.Havingsuchalargesupplyoftalentedwomenteachersmeantthatsocietycouldpaylessfortheirservices.Women'sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen,and,overtime,someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption,bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthequalityofschooling.

Alsoaroundthattime,regulations,government,andunionscametodictatepay,

preventac~ustments,andintroducebureaucratic(官僚的)http://rgeeducationbureaucraciesandunionscametodominatethelandscape,confusingactivitywithachievement.Bureaucratsregularlyrewritecurriculums,talknonsenseabouttheoriesofeducation,andrequireevermoreadmires"trators.Theendresulthasbeenthat,afterallthespending,studentshaveworsemathandreadingskillsthanboththeirforeignpeersandearliergenerationsspendingfarlessoneducation--asalltheaccumulatingevidencenowdocuments.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

61.WhatdowelearnfromvariousstudiesonAmerica'spubliceducation?

A．Achievementtestshavefailedtotrulyreflectthequalityofteaching.

B．Publicschools-lacktheresourcestocompetewithprivateschools.

C．Littleimprovementineducationhasresultedfromincreasedspending.

D．Thenumberofstudentshasincreasedmuchfasterthanthatofteachers.

62.Howdosomepeopleexplainthedeclineinpubliceducation?

A．Governmentinvestmentdoesnotmeetschools'needs.

B．Skilledstudentsaremovingtoprivateschools.

C．Qualifiedteachersarefarfromadequatelypaid.

D．Trainingofstudents'basicskillsisneglected.

63.Whatwasasignificantcontributortothepastgloryofpublicschools?

A．Well-behavedstudents.

B．Efficientadmirestration.

C．Talentedwomenteachers.

D．Generouspayforteachers.

64.Whydidsomeofthebestwomenteachersleaveteaching?

A．Newcareeropportunitiesweremadeavailabletothembywomen'sliberation.

B．Higheracademicrequirementsmadeitdifficultforthemtostayintheirjobs.

C．Theywereunhappywiththebureaucraticadministrationintheirschools.

D．Theheavyteachingloadsleftthemlittletimeandenergyforfamilylife.

65.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisoneoftheresultsofgovernmentinvolvementineducation?

A．Increasingemphasisontheoriesofeducation.

B．Highlystandardizedteachingmethods.

C．Students'improvedacademicperformance.

D．Anever-growingnumberofadministrators.

PartIVTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最快的。2010年，中国约有4．2亿网民(netizen)，而且人数还在迅速增长。互联网的日渐流行带来了重大的社会变化。中国网民往往不同于美国网民。美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使。用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、做研究、规划旅程或付款。中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网，因而更广泛地使用论坛、博客、聊天室等。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2014年12月四级真题答案详解(第2套)

PartIWriting

TheMostImpressiveCourseinMyCollegeLife

写作指南

本年度的作文文体比较自由，不再局限于议论文。题目要求考生介绍自己“印象最深刻的一门课”，并阐述原因。

根据题目要求，文章的结构可安排如下：

第一段：引出话题，指出大学的课程各有各的作用，但是“我”个人印象最深刻的一门课程是“文学鉴赏”。

第二段：具体描述该门课，注意重点介绍其特别之处，如老师独特的阅读及讨论要求。

第三段：简要说明自己学习该门课程后的收获，如锻炼了分析能力和批判思维能力。

范文与译文范文IncoUege，wetakeavarietyofcoursestodevelopdifferentSldlls．Somecoursesaremeanttobroaden一些课程旨在拓展我们的视ourhorizon；othersaredesignedtoshapeour另一些课程则是要锻炼我们的思维能thinkingabili—ties．Amongallthosecourses．the在所有课程中，令我印象最为深刻的onethehasimpressedmemostisLiteratureAppreciation．Thiscourseisuniqueinthattheteacherhashisownwaytoencouragestudentstobecomebetter“ABC”指readers．Hecallsitall“ABC”approachto“既要欣赏也要批判”。当我们阅读literature．“ABC”standsfor“appreciativebut他首先要求我critical”．Wheneverweareassignedapoem，ora如措辞、情节、韵律等shortstory，hefirstasksUStoappreciatethebeautyoftheliteraryworks，intermsof“茬”。班上每位同学都必plots，而且之前rhythmetc．ThenheasksUStobecntical，tryingtofindfaultwiththeliteraryworks．Everyoneinclassmustcontributeoneappreciativecommentand同时还让我受益匪浅，因为该方式能onecnficalcomment；andnooneshallrepeatwhat多亏hasbeensaid．我现在阅读的时候，既细心又敏IfindthisapproachquitebeneficiMaswellasim-pressive，becauseitcultivatesmyanalytical

thinkingandcriticalthinkingskills．Thanksto

thiscourse，Ianlnowanattentiveandalert

万能句型

1．Among…．theonethathasimpressedmemostis………之中．令我印象最为深刻的是……

2．Among…，theonethathasleftmethedeepestimpressionis………之中．令我印象最为深刻的是……

3．Among…,…hasbeenveryimpressive

onme．……之中，……确实令我印象深刻。

1．Ifind…quitebeneficialaswellasimpressive，because…我觉得……不仅令我印象深刻，同时还让我受益匪浅．因为……

2…．isnotonlyverybeneficialbutalsoimpres-siveinthat．．．．…．．不仅令人印象深刻，同时还让人受益匪浅，原因在于……

3．Ianlverymuchimpressedby…whileatthesametimebenefitalotfromit．because…我对……印象深刻，并且从中受益匪浅，因为……

写作模板

Incollege，we(引出话题)．Some(某类事物laremeantto(发挥的作用)；othersarede-signedto(发挥的另一种作用)．Amongallthose(相关事物)，theonethathasimpressedmemostis(印象最深刻的事物)．

(该事物)isuniqueinthatf概述该事物的独特之处)．(分点详述该事物的独特之处)．Ifind(该事物)quitebeneficialaswellasimpressive，becauseit(阐述原因l)．Thanksto(该事物)，Iamnow(阐述原因2)．

PartHListeningComprehension

SectionA

1.W:IranintoSallytheotherday.Icouldhardlyrecognizeher.Doyourememberherfromhighschool?

M:Yeah.Shewasalittleoutofshapebackthen.Well,hasshelostalotofweight?Q:WhatdoesthemanrememberofSally?

[C]【解析】男士说Sally当时体形有点不成样子，随后问“她是不是减肥了”，说明她当时体重超重，即C。

【点睛】①she选项题，一般问对话中的女士，可本题问对话中谈到的Sally，需区分。②选项关键词位于表语(或谓语)部分，poorhealth,popular,overweight和(do)well等修饰词提供依据。③听到outofshape．alotofweight，即可迅速解题。

2.W:Wedon'tseemtohaveareservationforyou,sir.I'msorry.

M:Butmysecretarysaidthatshehadreservedaroomformehere.Iphonedherfrom

theairportthismorningjustbeforeIgotonboardtheplane.

Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

[D]【解析】根据reservedaroom可知对话发生在宾馆前台。

【点睛】①介词选项，要求判断对话发生的地点。②要根据对话关键词解题，比如本对话中的reservedaroom。需要注意的是。录音中也出现了airport和plane，但要听清楚在这个场景下发生的动作是过去发生的，前面的here才能表明对话所在地。

3.W:Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereinmyplace?

M:Nowthathisteacherisgivinghimextrahelpandheisworkingharderhimself,he'ssuretodowellinthenextexam.O:What'stheman'ssuggestiontothewoman?

[B]【解析】女士问男士有什么建议，男士说“不用担心”，她儿子下次会考好的。即建议女士要对自己的儿子声信心，故选B。

【点睛】①动词的现在分词选项，涉及herson，应当问“女士如何做”。②C、D分别利用单词extrahelp，notworry混淆视听。

4.M:You'vehadyourhandsfullandhavebeenoverworkedduringthelasttwoweeks.Ithinkyoureallyneedtogooutandgetsomefreshairandsunshine.

W:Youareright.That'siustwhatI'mthinkingabout.

Q:Whatisthewomanmostprobablygoingtodo?

[A]【解析】男士建议女士“出去呼吸一下新鲜空气，晒晒太阳”，即A“稍微休息一下”。

【点睛】①动词原形选项，多问建议、将来的打算，重点是听懂对话中的建议句型。②不可根据对话中的片言只语twoweeks，goout选B、C。

5.W:Hello,John.Howareyoufeelingnow?Ihearyou'vebeenill.

M:TheymusthaveconfusedmewithmytwinbrotherRod.He'sbeensickanweek,I'veneverfeltbetterinmylife.

Q:Whatdowelearnabouttheman?

[D]【解析】男士明确说：“我一辈子从来没有感觉到比现在更好的”，意即他身体状况很好，故D正确。

【点睛】①He选项，ill，health，perfectcondition表明对话涉及健康状况，需关注有关男士的描述。②本题若问男士的孪生兄弟Rod的健康状况，则应选B。③否定词never和比较级better连用，表达最高级含义，与选项D中的perfect一致。@but之后的内容往往是考点。

6.M:Didyoureallygiveawayallyourfurniturewhenyoumovedintothenewhouselastmonth?

W:Justtheuselesspieces,asI'mplanningtopurchaseanewsetfromItalyforO:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

[B]【解析】男士问女士是否把全部旧家具都扔了，女士用了just，only说明没有全部扔掉，因此答案为B。

【点睛】①选项均提及She如何处理furniture，听对话时可预期相应内容。②A、C选项中的all具有绝对化的含义，一般不会是答案。B含some，极可能是正确答案。③D具有一定的迷惑性，但时态不对。

7.M:I'vebroughtbackyourOxfordCompaniontoEn.qlishLiterature.Ithoughtyoumightuseitforyourpaper.Sorrynottohavereturneditearlier.

W:Iwaswonderingwherethebookwas.

Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?

[D]【解析】男士还女士书时，女士说“我还在纳闷书到哪里去了呢”，说明她忘了曾把书借给男士，即D。

【点睛】①以Thewoman开头的选项，都带否定含义，核心词是book，相关词有return,about，useful，lend，可猜测对话内容。②听懂女士的回答，不难作出正确推理。

8.W:Totellthetruth,Tony,itneveroccurredtomethatyouareanathlete.M:Oh,really?.Mostpeoplewhomeetme,includingsomefriendsofmine,don'tthinksoeither.

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

[C]【解析】女士及大多数认识男士的人都不觉得男士是运动员，说明C正确。

【点睛】①各选项主语均不一致，在听力题中比较少见，可以看作是“哪个选项正确”的问题。②关键词是athletes，sportsman，另外涉及到friends，fewpeople。辨明这些词之间的关系，就能解题。③对话中的关键句型值得学习：itneveroccurredtomethat…虽然是否定句，表达的却是肯定含义；not．。either(也不)表示“观点相同”，故B、D均错误。

Nowyou'llhearthetwolongconversations.

ConversationOne

M:Mary,W:Yes,I'mpacked,butnotquiteready.[9]Ican'tfindmypassport.

M:Yourpassport?That'stheonethingyoumustn'tleavebehind.

W:Iknow.Ihaven'tlostit.[9]I'vepackedit,butIcan'trememberwhichbagit'sin.

M:Well,you'llhavetofinditattheaJ_rport.W:[12]Didyousaytaxi?Ithoughtweweregoinginyourcar.

M:Yes,well,Ihaveplannedto,butI'llexplainlater.You'vegottobethereinanhour.

W:Theplanedoesn'tleavefortwohours.Anyway,I'mreadytogonow.

M:Now,youaretakingjustonecase,isthatright?

W:No,[12]thereisoneinthehallaswell.

M:Gosh,whatalotofstufflweek.

W:Well,youcan'tdependontheweather.Itmightbecold.

M:It'http://eon,wereallymustgo.W:Right,weareready.We'vegotthebags.I'msurethereisnoneedtorush.M:Thereis.W:Look,I'msupposedtobegoingawaytorelax.Youaremakingmenervous.M:Well,Iwantyoutorelaxonholiday,butyoucan'trelaxyet.

W:OK.Ipromisenottorelax,atleastnotuntilwegettotheairportandIfindmypassport.

9.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherpassport?

[A]【解析】对话开头，女士说找不到护照，并说“我拿了的。只是不记得放在哪一个袋子里了”，故A正确。

【点睛】①选项均讨论She把it怎么样了。由动词packed，get，left,lost不难对各选项予以区别。②对话开头的passport由男士重复反问过，是信息重点，猜测即是选项中的it。

女士否认“遗失(lost)”，排除D。③由原文中的pack即可选定答案。

10．Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman’strip?

[C]【解析】根据男士的讽刺“你带的东西都够一个月而不是一周用了”，可见女士计划外出一周。

【点睛】①难点是判断选项主语it的含义，必须根据对话来理解。②选项关键词是winter,costalot,oneweek。weather。录音提到aweek和weather，但说到weather时用的是否定句。故可排除D，选C。A、B均未提及。

11．Whydoesthemanurgethewomantohurry?

[B]【解析】男士两次提及taxi在等，故答案为B。

【点睛】①由plane，taxi，trafficjam猜测，本题可能与交通有关。②离飞机起飞还有两个小时，时间充裕，A不对；C未提及；尽管东西多，但都已经打好包了，D也不准确。B是对话中重复出现的信息，是正确答案。③可以根据听到的提问方式确认答案。

12．Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

[A]【解析】根据“离开”、“厅里(还有一个箱子)”、“你的车”等关键词可知二人准备离开家外出旅游。

【点睛】显然问“对话发生在何处”。根据对话中的关键词(信息)推理判断。

ConversationTwo

W:Oh,M:Hey,thereisaperfectjobforyouinthepapertoday.Youmightbeinterested.W:Oh?Whatisit?Whatdotheywant?

M:Waltaminute.Eh,hereitis.[14]TheEuropeanSpaceAgencyisrecruitingtranslators.

W:TheEuropeanSpaceAgency?

M:Well,that'swhatitsays.TheyneedanEnglishtranslatortoworkfromFrenchorGerman.

W:SotheyneedadegreeinFrenchorGerman,Isuppose.Well,I'vegotthat.What'smore,Ihaveplentyofexperience.Whatelsearetheyaskingfor?

M:Justthat.Auniversitydegreeandthreeorfouryearsofexperienceastranslatorinaprofes-sionalenvironment.Theyalsosaythepersonshouldhavealivelyandinquiringmind,effectivecom-municationskillsandtheabilitytoworkindividuallyorasapartoftheteam.

W:Well,ifIstayatmypresentjobmuchlonger,Iwon'thaveanymindorskillsleft.Bythejusthopeitisn'tlowerthanwhatIgetnow.

M:It'ssaidto'benegotiable.experience.Inadditiontobasicsalary,thereisalistofextrabenefits.Havealookyourself.

W:Hmm,travelandsocialsecurityplusrelocationexpensesarepaid.Hey,thisisn'tbad.Ireallywantthejob.

13．Whyisthewomantryingtofindanewjob?

[C]【解析】对话第1句女士就说自己厌倦了自己的工作，故答案为C。

【点睛】①选项涉及She对工作的态度、期望。②对话首尾处是出题重点。③答案中的betiredof是原文befedupwith的同义表达。

14．Whatpositionisbeingadvertisedinthepaper?

[A]【解析】对话多次提到所招聘职位是“翻译”，故选A。

【点睛】①表示职业、职务的名词选项，只需听到原文相关信息“对号入座”即可。②关键信息是考点，往往在对话中多次出现。

15.Whatarethekeyfactorsthatdeterminethesalaryofthenewposition?

[D]D【解析】对话中男士说，工资待遇“取决于求职者的教育背景和工作经历”，D是原文再现，正确。

【点睛】①名词选项。不仅需理解各选项的含义，还需在录音中听到有关信息，并做相应记录。②A、B的内容在对话中同时出现，作并列成分，故可同时排除。C未提及。

SectionB．

PassageOne

Whencouplesgetmarried,theyusuallyplantohavechildren.Sometimeshowever,acouplecannothaveachildoftheirown.Inthiscase,theymaydecidetoadoptachild.Infact,adoptionisverycommontoday.Thereareabout60,000adoptionseachyearintheUnitedStatesalone.Somepeopleprefertoadoptinfants.Othersadoptolderchildren.Somecouplesadoptchildrenfromtheirowncountries.Othersadoptchildrenfromforeigncountries.Inanycase,theyalladoptchildrenforthesamereason:[16]theycareaboutchildrenandwanttogivetheiradoptedchildaMostadoptedchildrenknowthattheyareadopted.Psychologistsandchildcareexpertsgenerallythinkthisisagoodidea.However,manyadoptedchildrenoradopteeshaveverylittleinformationabouttheirbiologicalparents.matteroffact,itisoftenverydifficultforadopteestofindoutabouttheirbirthparents,becausethebirthrecordsofmostadopteesareusuallysealed.TheNaturally,adoptedchildrenhavedifferentfeelingsabouttheirbirthparents.Manyadopteeswanttosearchforthem,butothersdonot.Thedecisiontosearchforbirthparentsisadifficultonetomake.[18]Mostadopteeshavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirbiologicalparents.Eventhoughadopteesdonotknowabouttheirnaturalparents,[19]theydoknowthat16.Accordingtothespeaker,whydosomecouplesadoptchildren?

[A]【解析】短文先介绍了种种收养孩子的行为，然后总结说：不管是什么样的情形，人们收养孩子都出于同一个理由：他们喜欢孩子。故A正确。

【点睛】①由选项中的need，want可知，本题问“他们”的目的、打算。内容上涉及children，oldage和lifeexperience，可重点关注有关内容。(室)careaboutchildren是原词再现。③说明理由的内容常是考点。

17.Whyisitdifficultforadopteestofindoutabouttheirbirthparents?

[B]【解析】短文说到：大多数被收养者的出生记录往往不对外公开。相关资料是保密的，因此没有人能看到。B与此相符。

【点睛】①四个选项主语均不相同，但都涉及“收养”关系；distant，secret，conceal等都有“遮蔽信息”的含义。②考点内容由because引导出来，也是语义重心所在，应不难作答。

18.Whydomanyadopteesfindithardtomakethedecisiontosearchforthebirthparents?

[C]【解析】短文提到：被收养者很难作出要寻找生身父母的决定：大多数人对寻找自己的生身父母感情复杂。mixedfeelings是解题关键词。答案选C。