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Unit Five Developing Your Word Power

Lesson 15 Aids to Vocabulary Development

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The meaning of an unknown word can be determined using context clues—information contained in the surrounding text.

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Definition Clues Many times a writer directly or indirectly defines a word immediately following its use. Sometimes a writer will include a formal definition of the type you might find in a dictionary. In these cases the meaning of the word will be stated directly. At other times a writer may informally restate the idea or offer a synonym, a word that means the same thing. 1. Horology is the science of measuring time. (direct definition) 2. There was a consensus, or agreement, among the faculty to require one term paper for each course. (indirect definition)

人民大学出版社出版,《研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版》lesson15课后习题答案及语言点。研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版lesson15课后习题答案。

Example Clues

A second way to determine the meaning of an unknown word is to look for examples that explain or clarify it. Suppose you do not know the meaning of the word ―trauma,‖ and you find it used in the following sentence:

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Diane experienced many traumas during early childhood, including injury in an auto accident, the death of her grandmother, and the divorce of her parents. This sentence gives three examples of traumas, and from the examples given you could conclude that ―trauma‖ means shocking or psychologically damaging experience. The examples are signaled by certain words or phrases: ―such as‖, ―including‖, ―for example‖, ―for instance‖, and ―to illustrate‖.

人民大学出版社出版,《研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版》lesson15课后习题答案及语言点。研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版lesson15课后习题答案。

Contrast Clues It is sometimes possible to determine the meaning of an unknown word from a word or phrase in the context that has an opposite meaning. During the concert the audience was quiet, but afterward the crowd became boisterous. Although you may not know the meaning of ―boisterous,‖ you know that the audience was quiet during the concert and that afterward it acted differently. The word ―but‖ suggests this. You know, then, that the crowd became the opposite of quiet (loud and noisy).

人民大学出版社出版,《研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版》lesson15课后习题答案及语言点。研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版lesson15课后习题答案。

Inference Clues Many times you can determine the meaning of a word you do not know by guessing or figuring it out. This process is called drawing an inference. From the information that is given in the context you can infer the meaning of a word you are not familiar with. For instance, look at the following sentence:

My father is a versatile man; he is a successful businessman, sportsman, author, and sports car mechanic.You can see that the father is successful at many different types of activities, and you could reason that ―versatile‖ means capable of doing many things competently.

人民大学出版社出版,《研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版》lesson15课后习题答案及语言点。研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版lesson15课后习题答案。

Practice of Reading Techniques There are ten sentences below. Read them carefully and patiently, then try to guess the meaning of the underlined word in each sentence. 1. His palms were sweating. He needed a towel to dry his grip. ( 毛巾Clues: palms, sweating, to dry)

2. A glass of ice water quenched his thirst but hardly cooled his intensity. ( 使缓和；止渴 Clues: water, thirst)

人民大学出版社出版,《研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版》lesson15课后习题答案及语言点。研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版lesson15课后习题答案。

3. Michael had this o

ne recurring dream. He would be running down a country road. He could feel the rocks and chunks of dirt at his feet. (反复地发生、产生或出现Clues: would暗指过去经常反 复发生的事情或者动作；occur:发生；concur:同时发生) 4. From the age of 14, Michael did just that. He began a very careful and regimented weightlifting program. (系统化的、有序的Clues: program)

5. He is such an arrogant man, proud of himself for no reason, with a lack of respect for anyone else. (傲慢自大的Clues: proud of himself, a lack of respect for anyone else)

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6. Cars that were usually gleaming stood dusty in their drives. (闪闪发光的Clues: usually, dusty)

7. His jeans were torn and dirty, his T-shirt baggy and faded, and the soles of his trainers were peeling away from the uppers. Harry Potter’s appearance didn’t endear him to the neighbors, who were the sort of people who thought scruffiness ought to be punishable by law. (破旧；不干净Clues: torn and dirty ,baggy and faded)

人民大学出版社出版,《研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版》lesson15课后习题答案及语言点。研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版lesson15课后习题答案。

8. Harry knew perfectly well that Dudley had not been to tea anywhere; he and his gang spent every evening vandalizing the play park, smoking on street corners and throwing stones at passing cars and children. (故意破坏(公共财产)Clues: meaning of the whole sentence)

9. Desirable meals are quick and easy rather than rich and leisurely. Culinary artistry has given way to efficiency, the efficiency of the big refrigerator. (烹饪的Clues: meals)

人民大学出版社出版,《研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版》lesson15课后习题答案及语言点。研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版lesson15课后习题答案。

10. Research into a relationship between excessive corpulence and the size of one’s refrigerator has not been extensive, but we might suspect one to be there. (肥胖Clues: relationship, the size of one’s refrigerator)

11. Yearly expense on transportation here is approximately U. S. $2,000; or more exactly, less than U.S. $ 1,800 if you drive an average car, and more than U.S.$2,200 if you want a Cadillac, for it burns more gas. (11.大约Clues: or more exactly)

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Lesson 15

Reading Selection A

True Height

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CATALOGUEAbout the Author Warm-up Activities

Background InformationLanguage Points Keys

text

人民大学出版社出版,《研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版》lesson15课后习题答案及语言点。研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版lesson15课后习题答案。

About the Author

David Naster's philosophy is simple, "You Just Have To Laugh." He should know, as he's been a professional comedian/speaker for 25 years. Naster has made people laugh in all 50 States and has shared his humor in countries such as Mexico, England, Scotland, Canada, Paraguay and Brazil.

人民大学出版社出版,《研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版》lesson15课后习题答案及语言点。研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版lesson15课后习题答案。

About the Author

David Naster began cultivating his craft at an early age, making people laugh at sleepovers, birthday parties and all the way through high school as a class clown. While majoring in theater and Psychology at the University of Kansas, David started taking the business of making people laugh more seriously.