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A CAPITAL IDEA!The Uses and Rules of Capital Letters

. . . a guide

to the proper care and feedingof capital letters

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A CAPITAL IDEA!The Uses and Rules of Capital Letters

Capitalize the first word of every sentence and the first word of a sentence in quotation — unless that sentence is in parentheses incorporated within another sentence. She replied, “Why not?”

Glacial debris (some geologists call this material “garbage”) is often deposited in formations called morains .

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A CAPITAL IDEA!The Uses and Rules of Capital Letters

In titles, capitalize the first, last, and all important words. Usually, we don’t capitalize articles, prepositions, coordinating conjunctions and to in infinitives. In the Lake of the WoodsWar and Peace

I Know This Much Is True

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A CAPITAL IDEA!The Uses and Rules of Capital Letters

Capitalize the names of family relations when they refer to a specific personI went to visit Uncle Ted and Aunt Margaret.

Grandma and Grandpa live with Dad and Mom now. I went with my mom and dad to visit my aunt and uncle.Notice the role of the modifying pronoun here.

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A CAPITAL IDEA!The Uses and Rules of Capital Letters

Capitalize names of specific persons, places, historical events, documents and laws.My brother Charlie, who used to live in the Middle East and write books about the Old West, now lives in Hartford, Connecticut.

Don’t capitalize directions.They moved up north, to the southern shore of Lake Erie.

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A CAPITAL IDEA!The Uses and Rules of Capital Letters

Capitalize names of days of the week, months, and holidays.Valentines Day, which is always on February 14, falls on Tuesday this year.

Don’t capitalize the names of seasons. Next fall, before the winter storms begin, we’re heading south.

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A CAPITAL IDEA!The Uses and Rules of Capital Letters

Capitalize the names of historical events.The Battle of the Bulge(坦克决战) was an important event in World War II. The Reformation took place in the sixteenth century.

Capitalize the names of religions and religious terms.God, Allah, Buddha, Christianity, Christians, Judaism, Jews, Islam, Muslims

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A CAPITAL IDEA!The Uses and Rules of Capital Letters

Capitalize the names of nations, nationalities, languages, and words based on such words.Somalia, Swedish, English muffin(英式松饼), Irish stew(爱尔兰炖菜), Japanese maple

We usually don’t capitalize “white” and “black.” There are very few blacks in thispredominantly white community.

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A CAPITAL IDEA!The Uses and Rules of Capital Letters

Capitalize titles when they precede names.Dean Arrington introduced President Carter to Secretary Bogglesworth.

. . . usually not after a name . . . .Joe Chuckles, who was chairman of the board of directors in 1995, has since retired.