Unit1 Ways of Learning Part II Reading Task Comprehension Content Question Pair Work 1. They were studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools in Nanjing.

2. Their 18-month-old son Benjamin was fond of trying to place the key into the slot of the key box during their stay at the Jinling Hotel.

3. They would come over to watch Benjamin and then try to teach him how to do it properly.

4. Because he realized that this anecdote was directly relevant to their assigned tasks in China: to investigate early childhood education and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.

5. Most of them displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel. 6. He emphasized that the most important thing is to teach the child that on can solve a problem effectively by oneself.

7. He means that this incident pointed to important differences in educational and artistic practices between China and the USA.

8. The manner in which the Chinese staff saw the need to teach the child by guiding his hand in the characteristic of a broader attitude to education, one that stands in contrast to the Western preference for leaving the child to explore and learn unaided.

9. One example is of children at the age of 5 or 6 painting flowers, fish and animals skillfully and confidently; in a second example, calligraphers 9 and 10 years old were producing works; and in a third, young artists work on perfecting their craft for several hours a day.

10. Americans think that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge, and skills can be picked up later. Chinese think that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired, and there is no hurry to promote creativity.

11. This is mainly due to the difference in their way of thinking.

12. The author makes the suggestion that we should strike a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills. Text Organization Working On Your Own 1.

1) The text begins with an anecdote.

2) His thoughts are mainly about different approaches to learning in China and the West.

3) He winds up the text with a suggestion in the form of a question. 2. Chinese

1) Show a child how to do something, or tech by holding the hand

2) Give greater priority to developing skills at an early age, believing that

creativity can be promoted over time Americans

1) Teach children that they should rely on themselves for solutions to problems 2) Put more emphasis on fostering creativity in young children, thinking skills can be picked up later

Language Sense Enhancement

(1) Summarizing

(2) value originality and independence (3) contrast between (4) in terms of (5) harbor (6) fearful (7) comparable

(8) promote creativity (9) emerge (10) picked up

Language Focus Vocabulary I 1.

1) insert

2) on occasion 3) investigate 4) In retrospect 5) initial 6) phenomena 7) attached 8) make up for 9) is awaiting

10) not; in the least 11) promote 12) emerged 2.

1) a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of the country and the south.

2) is said to be superior to synthetic fiber. 3) as a financial center has evolved slowly.

4) is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.

5) by a little-known sixteen-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines.

3.

1) be picked up; can’t accomplish; am exaggerating

2) somewhat; the performance; have neglected; they apply to 3) assist; On the other hand; are valid; a superior II 1.

1) continual 2) continuous 3) continual 4) continuous 2.

1) principal 2) principal 3) principle 4) principles 5) principal III

1. themselves

2. himself/herself

3. herself/by herself/on her own 4. itself 5. ourselves

6. yourself/by yourself/on your own

Comprehensive Exercises I. cloze 1.

(1) contrast (2) exaggerating (3) priority

(4) on the other hand (5) promoting (6) pick up (7) assist (8) accomplish (9) occasion (10) neglecting (11) worthwhile

(12) superior 2.

(1) end (2) perform (3) facing (4) competent (5) equipped (6) designed (7) approach (8) rest

(9) definitely (10) quality

II. translation 1.

(1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. (2) Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.

(3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.

(4) Assuming this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy it?

(5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. 2.

To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking. Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result. As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English. Unit2 Values

Part II Reading Task Comprehension Content Question Pair Work

1. The Salvation Army is a religious charitable organization. A Salvation Army bell ringer is a volunteer who help it collect donations.

2. The boy asked him: Are you poor? He did it simply out of confusion and curiosity. Obviously he knew nothing about the Salvation Army bell ringer.

3. He said, “I have more than some people, but not as much as others.” This means

that he was neither poor nor rich.

4. The boy’s mother scolded him because the question was social inappropriate, especially to a person who looked poor.

5. Yes, economically he is poor. He lives in a small basement apartment. He doesn’t even have a color TV. He falls into the lowest income category. And so on.

6. No, the writer does not feel poor. This is because he has enjoyed good health and creativity which he thinks are much more important than material goods. 7. He feels out of place among people who are primarily interested in material things. 8. She told him that she was interested in what’s on the inside. but after he took her to his poorly furnished apartment, she changed her mind completely. 9. It only shows that to her the most important thing was still material goods rather than what she had claimed before.

10. Commercial can put people under pressure to purchase more than is really necessary.

11. Because December is the time for to work for the Salvation Army as a bell ringer, which gives him a genuine sense of belonging and brings him happiness in helping others.

12. The boy’s question has helped the writer realize that, despite his lack of expensive possessions, he is rich in many other ways and should be thankful for that. Text Organization Working On Your Own 1. 1) a.√

2) the essay is meant to explain something that is, the author’s view of life. 3) That one can live a life full of riches without being rich financially. 2. Part One: The writer’s encounter with a boy who raised the question “are you poor?” Part Two: In search of an answer the writer finds that not having expensive

possessions doesn’t make him feel poor mainly because he enjoys life in many other ways.

Part Three: In conclusion, the writer thinks he’s grown to understand more about himself because of the boy’s question. Language Sense Enhancement 1.

(1) attain

(2) wear and tear (3) dependable (4) modest (5) primarily (6) minimal

(7) exceptionally (8) illness-free

(9) spirited (10) energizing

Language Focus Vocabulary I 1.

1) abrupt 2) emotional 3) bless

4) wear and tear 5) dated

6) consequences 7) seemingly

8) in contrast to 9) Curiosity 10) genuine 11) primarily 12) sentiments 2.

1) confronted with more than one problem, try to solve the easiest one first. 2) vital to the existence of all forms of life.

3) some confusion among the students about what to do after class to follow up on the subject.

4) nothing more than a job and an apartment to be happy. 5) tickled him to think that she’d come to ask his advice 3.

1) a lingering; fabricating; sentiments

2) fill out; every item; vital; consequences 3) be denied; tangible; cherish; attain II

1. It is a long trip and will take us five hours by bus. 2. She arrived early and took a front row seat. 3. Don’t take me for a fool.

4. It takes a lot of imagination to fabricate such a story.

5. My uncle will take me (along on his trip) to the Arctic this summer. 6. He took the dinner plate I passed to him.

7. Kevin took second prize in the weight-lifting competition. 8. If you don’t take my advice, you will regret it. III

1. hanging

2. to give 3. to return 4. being praised

5. not having written 6. to say 7. to open

8. being helped

Comprehensive Exercises I. cloze 1.

(1) well-off/affluent (2) dated

(3) falling into (4) bracket (5) deny (6) tangible (7) pursuit (8) cherishes (9) out of place (10) abrupt (11) focus (12) donations 2.

(1) consume (2) fueled (3) annual (4) plain

(5) physically (6) security (7) indicates (8) equally (9) traditional (10) follow

III. Translation 1.

1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose. 2) Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.

3) Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private

school.

4) Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.

5) In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried to meet our minimal needs. 2.

With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year. We will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain their scholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuit of spiritual as well as material satisfaction. Unit3 The Generation Gap Part II Reading Task Comprehension Content Question Pair Work

1. There are seven characters---Father, Mother, Heidi, Diane, Sean, Restaurant Manager, and Mrs. Higgins.

2. No. Because what he does usually ends up embarrassing them. 3. To buy a guitar.

4. To check if Sean was going to embarrass him. 5. He knew his father was going to embarrass him. 6. It was unnecessary and embarrassing.

7. He wanted Dan to pressure his son into asking Diane to the senior prom. 8. He would speak to his son and insist that the latter give Diane a call. 9. She felt humiliated.

10. Because the Thompson had just moved.

11. He tried to let her know how exceptionally talented a young woman Heidi was. 12. Because she couldn’t bear being embarrassed by her father. Text Organization Working On Your Own 1.

1. A fast-food restaurant

2. The Thompson family dining room 3. An office at a high school 2. Scene One: Father embarrassed Sean by talking too proudly to the restaurant manager. Scene Two: Father embarrassed Diane by persuading a colleague into pressing his son to ask her to the senior prom.

Scene Three: Father embarrassed Heidi by boating to an official at her new school about how talented she was. Language Sense Enhancement 1.

(1) once in a while (2) for

(3) the problem (4) he thinks (5) humiliated

(6) class president (7) have (8) Actually

(9) stop to think (10) interference

Language Focus Vocabulary I 1.

1) typical 2) dumb 3) junior 4) glorious 5) welfare 6) came over 7) interference 8) fading

9) narrowed down 10) frank 11) schemes 12) at any rate 2.

1) consists of five generals and four police officers. 2) will be in a location overlooking the lake.

3) was humiliated by her comments about my family background in front of so many people.

4) have any proof that it was Henry who stole the computer? 5) was exhausted after the long cycle ride. 3.

1) hysterical; was handed down by; should have known better than 2) twisted; over and over; talented son

3) patience; not to keep him in suspense; assured; repeatedly II. Collocation

1. adequate

2. anxious 3. certain 4. content 5. crazy 6. likely 7. fortunate 8. keen

III. Usage

1. be admitted 2. live

3. be postponed 4. buy

5. be banned 6. be

Comprehensive Exercises I. cloze 1.

(1) typical (2) welfare (3) constant (4) frank (5) talent (6) dumb

(7) know better than that (8) repeatedly (9) dread

(10) interference (11) bet (12) assure 2.

(1) despite (2) really (3) same (4) contact (5) admitted (6) attempt (7) not (8) tend

(9) different (10) manner

II. Translation 1.

(1) Have scientists found proof of water on Mars?

(2) The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations for the nuclear power plant to two coastal towns.

(3) Sam not only lost his job but also both legs; he had to live on welfare for the rest of his life.

(4) A jury consisting of 12 members voted in unison that Mary was guilty. (5) Sean felt humiliated to hear his talent being questioned. 2.

George, the son of Mr. Johnson, liked listening to heavy metal music in the evenings, which made it hard for other residents in the community to fall asleep. Eventually the exhausted neighbors lost their patience and decided on direct interference. They called Mr. Johnson to tell him in a frank manner what they were thinking. Mr. Johnson assured them that he would certainly settle the issue. As soon as he put down the phone he scolded his son, “What has come over you? You should know better than to disturb others for your own amusement.” In the end George traded his CD’s for computer games software from his classmates. Unit4 The Virtual World Part II Reading Task Comprehension Content Question Pair Work

1. She used to be a television producer, but now she is a writer.

2. She writes and edits articles online, submits them via email, and communicates with colleagues via the Internet, too.

3. She could stay computer-assisted at home for weeks, going out only t get mail, newspapers and groceries. 4. They feel as if they had become one with the computer, and life seems to be unreal. 5. That people who grew used to a virtual life would feel an aversion to outside forms of socializing.

6. She gets overexcited, speaks too much, and interrupts others.

7. She is bad-tempered, easily angered, and attacks everyone in sight, all because she has long become separated from others and lacks emotional face-to-face exchanges with people.

8. She fights her boyfriend, misinterpreting his intentions because of the lack of emotional cues given by their typed dialogue. 9. Because we rely on co-works for company.

10. She calls people, arrangers to meet the few friends remaining in the City, gets to the gym, arranges interviews for stories, doctor’s appointments---anything to get her out of the house and connected with others.

11. No, she doesn’t feel happy. She feels being face to face is intolerable. 12. She makes her excuses and flees, re-enters her apartment, runs to the computer, clicks on the modem, and disappears into the virtual world again. Text Organization Working On Your Own 1. 1. 2-3

2. 1,4-10,13 3. 11 4. 12 2.

The first paragraph describes the consequences of living a virtual life and the last tells of the author’s escape back into it. Together, they bring out the dilemma people at present are in: Because of modern technology, we have a choice between a virtual life and real life, but find both unsatisfactory. Language Sense Enhancement 1.

(1) routine (2) for company (3) unemployment (4) externally (5) drug abuse (6) restore (7) fled (8) gym

(9) set apart (10) appointments

Vocabulary I 1.

1) conversely 2) but then 3) symptom 4) spitting 5) abusing 6) tone 7) took; in 8) editing

9) have arranged 10) in sight 11) stretched

12) data 2.

1) smoking cigarettes jars on me. 2) find themselves getting sucked in.

3) has arranged for a technician from the computer store to check and repair it. 4) fled their country to avoid military service/fled to other countries to avoid military service.

5) restore people’s confidence in it. 3.

1) the virtual; on line; via

2) nightmare; routine; any appointment; arrange for 3) cue; remarks; his tune II. Collocation

1. We came here all the way on foot.

2. Private cars are not allowed on campus. 3. They are on vacation in Florida.

4. Mary has been talking to her friend on the phone for an hour. 5. Don’t worry, Lucy is always on time. 6. Industrial demand on fuel is on the rise. III. Usage 1. hard

2. difficult 3. impossible 4. tough 5. hard 6. easy

Comprehensive Exercises I. cloze 1.

(1) Internet (2) click (3) virtual (4) routines (5) arrange (6) nightmare (7) annoying (8) connection (9) crawls (10) take in (11) spit (12) data

(13) sucked into

(14) At times (15) flee (16) on line 2.

(1) companion (2) deliver (3) access (4) enables (5) customers (6) delights (7) provides (8) small (9) remote

(10) information

II. Translation 1.

1) Research shows that laughter can bring a lot of health benefits. 2) A slow Internet connection speed is really annoying.

3) As the law stands, helping someone commit suicide is a crime. 4) In her report, Mary tries to interpret the data from a completely different angle. 5) Sue is a girl of great talent. Her amazing memory sets her apart from her classmates. 2.

Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer. I agree that the Internet has made my job a lot easier. I can write, submit and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss. With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news. But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times. The system may crash. Worse still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret. Unit5 Overcoming Obstacles Part II Reading Task Comprehension Content Question Pair Work 1. Because the pole was set at 17 feet which was three inches higher than his personal best.

2. Because pole-vaulting combines the grace of a gymnast with the strength of a body builder.

3. His childhood dream was to fly. His mother read him numerous stories about flying when he was growing up.

4. Because he believed in hard work and sweat. His motto: If you want something, work for it!

5. Michael's mother wished he could relax a bit more and be that "free dreaming" little boy. On one occasion she attempted to talk to him and his father about this, but his dad quickly interrupted, smiled and said, "You want something, work for it!" 6. He began a very careful training program.

7. He seemed unaware of the fact that he had just beaten his personal best by three inches. He was very calm.

8. He began to feel nervous when the bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best.

9. What his mother had taught him about how to deal with tension or anxiety helped him overcome his nervousness.

10. The singing of some distant birds in flight made him associate his final jump with his childhood dream.

11. He could imagine the smile on his mother’s face. He thought his father was probably smiling too, even laughing. However, in fact, his father hugged his wife and cried like a baby in her arms. 12. Because he was blind. Text Organization Working On Your Own 1. Part One: Michael faced the most challenging competition in his pole-vaulting career. Part Two: Michael’s childhood was marked with dreams and tough training.

Part Three: Michael topped his personal best, won the championship and set a new world record. 2. (1) It also has the element of flying, and the thought of flying as high as a two-story building is a mere fantasy to anyone watching such an event.

As long as Michael could remember he had always dreamed of flying.

(2) All of Michael’s vaults today seemed to be the reward for his hard work. Language Sense Enhancement 1.

(1) startled (2) bale of hay (3) off

(4) intensity

(5) shaking the tension (6) tense

(7) description (8) out of nowhere (9) pictured (10) scared

I 1.

1) startled 2) mere 3) motion 4) sweating

5) stretched out 6) vain

7) On the occasion 8) anxiety 9) emotions 10) ashamed of

11) In my mind’s eye 12) recurring 2.

1) coincides with her husband’s.

2) sends the prices soaring/results in the soaring of prices. 3) of alternate sunshine and rain.

4) have been his lifelong passions, although he studied economics at university. 5) Tension came over her 3.

1) media; dedication to; grace

2) his competitors; in excitement; hug him; congratulate him on 3) emotions; numerous; intensity; passion for II. Collocation

1. Mike, a Green, made the suggestion that a large park be built near the community. 2. In a letter to his daughter, Mr. Smith expressed his wish that she (should) continue her education to acquire still another degree.

3. There is no reason to hold the belief that humans have no direct moral responsibility to safeguard the welfare of animals.

4. Children need to feel safe about the world they grow up in, and it is unwise to give them the idea that everything they come into contact with might be a threat. 5. Anxiety can result from the notion that life has not treated us fairly. 6. Nobody believed his claim that he was innocent. III. Words with Multiple Meanings

1. I work out in the gym for one hour every morning.

2. Florence has worked as a cleaner at the factory for five years.

3. The wounded man worked his way across the field on his hands and knees. 4. The safe load for a truck of this type works out at about twenty-five tons. 5. It is difficult to understand how human minds work.

6. To my disappointment, the manager’s plan of promoting the new products doesn’t