mapmaker3.0软件中文说明书完整版
发布时间:2024-11-06
发布时间:2024-11-06
作者:章有知
2014-06-08
长春师范大学生命科学学院
迄今为止最为实用的Mapmaker3.0软件中文说明书完整版
我这里有完整的mapmaker3.0程序,包括mapm3pc1 and mapm3pc2.如有需要,请联系qq:154492025。
一.软件准备工作:
在win xp的系统下,下载mapmaker3.0的压缩包,解压缩后有两个程序:mapm3pc1 and mapm3pc2。将这两个程序放在C盘的根目录下,装在一个文件夹中,(win7的还没搞明白,反正这么解压缩后装了用不了。)分别点mapm3pc1 and mapm3pc2进行安装。安装完后,在那一堆图标里,会有一
个和一
个
两个图标。进行标记的连锁图谱分析和绘制,点第一个
即可。(有的电脑得点2到3次,)会出现如下界面。
二.数据准备工作
这个网络上有讲的,《mapmaker3.0中文说明书》的最前边部分就是说这个的,不明白的上那里去看下。
我的补充:以文本格式保存的数据,在命名后,要进行一下改动,如你命名
为
,那么把名中的.txt去掉(必须是xx.raw格式)。这时系统会提示
点是就行了。不去掉txt,mapmaker不会读取数据。会显示:
。
如果成功读取数据,则mapmaker会显示
好,正式开始!
第一步:启动mapmaker3.0
假设我们的文件为sample.raw(和英文版中的数据时一样的)
启动后,光标提示符前会有1>,代表你要输入的第一个命令的所在位置。输入:
1> prepare data sample.raw ,回车,会显示一些东西!自己操作吧!这个命令也可以用pd sample代替。命令的作用是:读取数据源。
2> photo tutorial.out ,回车,会显示一些东西!自己操作吧!命令的作用是:将在mapmaker中的操作都保存到tutorial.out的文件中。这种文件不会覆盖以前的,如果你下次仍然用tutorial.out保存操作的话,它会把你新的和旧的操作都保存在一起。
第二步:两点连锁法寻找连锁群
确定要将哪些标记进行连锁分析,然后按输入:
sequence locus1 locus2 locus3 ...,也可用s locus1 locus2 locus3 ..., 用数字表示的话,1 2 3 4 5....表示的是你的文本文件中依次从前到后的标记。这个命令确定了当前要进行分析的序列是哪些标记,所以在以后其他的分析中,要对s重新定义。 如对sampled data中的全部12个基因座进行两点检测,则输入:
3>sequence 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12(有时候,你的标记数远不止这些,那么请输入:s all),回车。会显示一些东西!自己操作吧!
然后进行分群,输入:
4> group,回车。显示:
Linkage Groups at min LOD 3.00, max Distance 50.0
group1= 1 2 3 5 7
-------
group2= 4 6 8 9 10 11 12
将我们的数据分成了两个连锁群,group1 and group2。
第三步:连锁群图谱排序
对连锁群内标记或者基因座之间的可能顺序进行排序,找到最好的排列顺序。
命令:5> sequence {1 2 3 5 7}(大括号代表里边的标记不固定顺序,不加大括号则代表固定顺序,当然也可以用s {group1}命令),回车后出现:
sequence #2= {1 2 3 5 7}
命令:6> compare,回车后出现:
Best 20 orders:
1: 1 3 2 5 7 Like: 0.00
2: 3 1 2 5 7 Like: -6.00
3: 5 7 2 3 1 Like: -20.20
4: 5 7 2 1 3 Like: -26.26
5: 2 5 7 3 1 Like: -27.25
6: 2 5 7 1 3 Like: -28.39
7: 2 3 1 5 7 Like: -28.85
8: 5 2 3 1 7 Like: -32.33
9: 2 1 3 5 7 Like: -34.12
10: 5 7 1 3 2 Like: -35.55
11: 5 2 1 3 7 Like: -37.61
12: 1 3 5 2 7 Like: -37.76
13: 3 1 5 2 7 Like: -39.09
14: 5 7 3 1 2 Like: -40.38
15: 1 3 5 7 2 Like: -40.87
16: 3 1 5 7 2 Like: -41.55
17: 5 2 7 3 1 Like: -43.67
18: 5 2 7 1 3 Like: -44.78
19: 5 1 3 2 7 Like: -47.63
20: 2 5 3 1 7 Like: -52.28
order1 is set
(N个标记的话,会有N!/2 种可能的排列顺序,所以如果N大于6时,这个分析就比较费劲了)。
至此,我们知道:1 3 2 5 7 是最好的排列顺序。
第四步:显示遗传图谱
这个里边用到的是map命令,它也会对每个排序的最大似然比进行计算,和compare命令中显示的一样,只不过compare中显示了最有可能的20个。然后,将最大可能性的排列显示出来,并带有图距。经过上边的操作后,我们知道1 3 2 5 7 是最好的排列顺序,所以只需将1 3 2 5 7 进行定义即可。
7> sequence 1 3 2 5 7
sequence #3= 1 3 2 5 7
8> map
=====================================================================
Map:
Markers Distance
1 T175 4.2 cM
3 C35 15.0 cM
2 T93 11.9 cM
5 C66 12.2 cM
7 T50B ----------
43.2 cM 5 markers log-likelihood= -424.94
====================================================================
另外,这里需要说明的是:在compare命令后,log-likelihood的值是0.00,而在这里则是-424.94,前者是两点算法产生的结果;后者是多点算法产生的结果。以T50B为开始,C66与其相距12.2cM,T93与C66相距11.9cM,以此类推。把这些数据输入到刘仁虎的map draw中,可以得到如下所示的遗传图:
稍微大点的连锁群的作图
这种连锁图的处理方法是求其子集。原则:(1)尽可能少的缺失数据;(2)不要很多空间上挨得很近的标记。
要查看一个连锁群中标记的一些数据信息,请输入:list loci命令。要查看哪些标记离的比较近,请输入:lod table命令。
9> sequence 4 6 8 9 10 11 12 回车(命令行后都需要回车,以后就不再说了) sequence #4= 4 6 8 9 10 11 12
10> list loci
Linkage
Num Name Genotypes Group
4 T24 273 codom group2
6 T209 275 codom group2
8 T125 306 codom group2
9 T83 327 codom group2
10 T17 297 codom group2
11 C15 324 codom group2
12 T71 319 codom group2
11> lod table
Bottom number is LOD score, top number is centimorgan distance:
4 6 8 9 10 11
6 63.1
3.33
8 16.8 56.0
39.06 4.33
9 56.3 17.8 54.8
6.77 36.70 7.68
10 106.3 27.7 - 43.3
0.89 22.51 15.08
11 14.9 74.0 6.3 65.4 -
43.78 2.20 80.87 5.76
12 28.2 43.1 18.4 24.1 89.1 30.1
22.24 9.13 39.84 32.39 2.22 23.90
(上边这个表得说明一下,蓝色字体的是LOD分数,红色的是厘摩距离,黑色的是标记代号),换成下边的样子,大家就清楚了:
4 6 8 9 10 11
6 63.1
8 16.8 56.0
9 56.3 17.8 54.8
10 106.3 27.7 - 43.3
11 14.9 74.0 6.3 65.4 -
12 28.2 43.1 18.4 24.1 89.1 30.1
上边我们说了两个原则:(1)尽可能少的缺失数据;10> list loci 结束后得到的数据,4是273个,6是275个,其他的都比较多,所以从这里说的话,就不选4和6了。(2)不要很多空间上挨得很近(一般不低于6.0就可以了)的标记;8,9,10,11,12之间最小的是6.3,也行了。所以就选8,9,10,11,12作为子集了,总共5项,也不多!
12> sequence {8 9 10 11 12}
sequence #5= {8 9 10 11 12}
13> compare
Best 20 orders:
1: 11 8 12 9 10 Like: 0.00
2: 10 11 8 12 9 Like: -14.57
3: 8 11 12 9 10 Like: -15.23
4: 10 9 11 8 12 Like: -27.20
5: 11 8 12 10 9 Like: -29.97
6: 10 8 11 12 9 Like: -30.14
7: 9 10 11 8 12 Like: -32.23
8: 8 11 10 9 12 Like: -39.80
9: 10 9 8 11 12 Like: -39.91
10: 9 11 8 12 10 Like: -40.05
11: 11 8 10 9 12 Like: -40.25
12: 11 8 9 12 10 Like: -44.73
13: 8 11 12 10 9 Like: -45.21
14: 10 11 8 9 12 Like: -46.57
15: 8 11 9 12 10 Like: -47.46
16: 9 10 8 11 12 Like: -47.94
17: 10 8 11 9 12 Like: -49.61
18: 8 11 10 12 9 Like: -52.71
19: 9 8 11 12 10 Like: -52.74
20: 11 8 10 12 9 Like: -53.07
order1 is set
14> sequence order1
sequence #6= order1
11 8 12 9 10是最佳的排列顺序。还有4和6,现在把4和6再插到这个排列顺序中。命令为:try。
15> try 4 6
4 6
---------------
| 0.00 -42.68 |
11 | |
|-35.57 -118.6 |
8 | |
|-19.65 -70.19 |
12 | |
|-46.80 -28.09 |
9 | |
|-51.35 0.00 |
10 | |
|-43.40 -21.09 |
|---------------|
INF |-44.66 -45.03 |
---------------
BEST -619.33 -612.03
找最小的,所以,4排在11的前边,6排在10的前边。
最佳的排列顺序为:4 11 8 12 9 6 10。
16> sequence 4 11 8 12 9 6 10
sequence #7= 4 11 8 12 9 6 10
17> map
=========================================================================
Map:
Markers Distance
4 T24 14.8 cM
11 C15 6.4 cM
8 T125 18.9 cM
12 T71 24.0 cM
9 T83 18.1 cM
6 T209 28.6 cM
10 T17 ----------
110.8 cM 7 markers log-likelihood= -688.99
========================================================================= 接着,进行作图即可。
较大数据集的处理
构建文本文件mouse.pre.txt,输入:
remark ...Initialization file for large MAPMAKER/EXP sample data set... print names on
print maps on
triple error detection on
informativeness criteria 4.0 44 codominant
make chromosome chrom1 chrom2 chrom3 chrom4 chrom5 chrom6 chrom7 chrom8 make chromosome chrom9 chrom10 chrom11 chrom12 chrom13 chrom14 chrom15
make chromosome chrom16 chrom17 chrom18 chrom19
sequence L020 L031
anchor chrom1
sequence L018 L044
anchor chrom2
sequence L040 L037
anchor chrom3
sequence L067 M008
anchor chrom4
sequence A082 A011
anchor chrom5
sequence D011 T023
anchor chrom6
sequence T027 L025
anchor chrom7
sequence L011 D020
anchor chrom8
sequence L019 L032
anchor chrom9
sequence T031 D030
anchor chrom10
sequence L003 D002
anchor chrom11
sequence L041 L016
anchor chrom12
sequence D024 M038
anchor chrom13
sequence T010 L027
anchor chrom14
sequence L001 L029
anchor chrom15
sequence M127 L039
anchor chrom16
sequence L004 L028
anchor chrom17
sequence L024 L087
anchor chrom18
sequence M013 M109
anchor chrom19
sequence all
two point
save
18> prepare data mouse.raw
save loaded data first? yes
saving genotype data in file 'sample.data'... ok
saving map data in file 'sample.maps'... ok
saving two-point data in file 'sample.2pt'... ok
saving traits data in file 'sample.traits'... ok
preparing data from file 'mouse.raw'... ok
F2 intercross data (46 individuals, 308 loci)... ok
running initialization commands from file 'mouse.prep'...
19> units cm
the 'units' are now set to (Haldane) centimorgans.
20> centimorgan func haldane
centimorgan function: Haldane
21> print names on
'print names' is on.
22> triple error detection on
'triple error detection' is on.
23> informativeness criteria 4.0 44 codominant
Informativeness Criteria: min Distance 4.0, min #Individuals 44
(codominant markers only)
24> make chromosome chrom1 chrom2 chrom3 chrom4 chrom5 chrom6
chromosomes defined: chrom1 chrom2 chrom3 chrom4 chrom5 chrom6
25> make chromosome chrom7 chrom8 chrom9 chrom10 chrom11
chromosomes defined: chrom1 chrom2 chrom3 chrom4 chrom5 chrom6 chrom7 chrom8 chrom9 chrom10 chrom11
26> make chromosome chrom12 chrom13 chrom14 chrom15 chrom16
chromosomes defined: chrom1 chrom2 chrom3 chrom4 chrom5 chrom6 chrom7 chrom8 chrom9 chrom10 chrom11 chrom12 chrom13 chrom14 chrom15 chrom16
27> make chromosome chrom17 chrom18 chrom19
chromosomes defined: chrom1 chrom2 chrom3 chrom4 chrom5 chrom6 chrom7 chrom8 chrom9 chrom10 chrom11 chrom12 chrom13 chrom14 chrom15 chrom16 chrom17 chrom18 chrom19 << More Output Follows
寻找染色体指定序列
55> sequence all
sequence #21= all
56> assign
L016 - anchor locus on chrom12...cannot re-assign
L018 - anchor locus on chrom2...cannot re-assign
L019 - anchor locus on chrom9...cannot re-assign
L020 - anchor locus on chrom1...cannot re-assign
.
. << More Output Follows
.
L036 - assigned to chrom17 at LOD 10.4
L046 - assigned to chrom1 at LOD 3.6
L010 - assigned to chrom15 at LOD 18.1
D004 - assigned to chrom9 at LOD 13.1
L007 - assigned to chrom16 at LOD 21.1
D016 - assigned to chrom17 at LOD 9.9
D021 - assigned to chrom17 at LOD 21.1
D017 - assigned to chrom15 at LOD 3.1
.
. << More Output Follows
.
M251 - unassigned
A066 - unassigned
57> list chromosomes (染色体信息列表)
Chromosome: #Anchors #Total
chrom1 2 18
chrom2 2 30
chrom3 2 21
chrom4 2 19
chrom5 2 12
chrom6 2 19
chrom7 2 20
chrom8 2 14
chrom9 2 22
chrom10 2 15
chrom11 2 15
chrom12 2 12
chrom13 2 11
chrom14 2 9
chrom15 2 18
chrom16 2 7
chrom17 2 22
chrom18 2 16
chrom19 2 5
Total: 38 305
58> sequence unassigned
sequence #22= unassigned
59> list status (标记相关信息显示)
Num Name Assignment Chrom LOD
181 M228 conflict! - -
196 M251 unlinked - -
274 A066 unlinked - -
60> links (将unassigned marker 和assigned marker进行连接)
Linked Markers in Data Set at min LOD 3.00, max Distance 50.0
Marker-1 Marker-2 Theta LOD cM
M228 L038 0.18 3.58 23.00 (chrom3)
M228 T010 0.16 5.55 19.13 (chrom14)
M228 M032 0.05 11.75 5.28 (chrom14)
M228 M214 0.08 9.70 8.28 (chrom14)
M228 A024 0.13 6.51 15.22 (chrom14)
M228 A034 0.20 3.37 24.73 (chrom3)
M228 A060 0.17 3.81 21.27 (chrom3)
M228 A103 0.17 5.13 21.20 (chrom14)
M228 A119 0.14 6.43 16.01 (chrom14)
M251 no linked markers
A066 no linked markers
自动寻找图谱排序
61> sequence chrom10
sequence #23= chrom10: assigned
62> three point (计算该染色体上三点测交的似然比)
Linkage Groups at min LOD 3.00, max Distance 50.0
Triplet criteria: LOD 3.00, Max-Dist 50.0, #Linkages 2
'triple error detection' is on.
counting...143 linked triplets in 1 linkage group
log-likelihood differences
count markers a-b-c b-a-c a-c-b
1: L062 D030 M067 0.00 -8.93 -0.58
2: L062 D030 M003 -8.63 0.00 -0.74
3: L062 D030 M007 -5.00 0.00 -4.11
4: L062 D030 M172 -4.19 0.00 -4.75
5: L062 D030 M139 0.00 -4.32 -1.36
6: L062 D030 M153 0.00 -1.24 -3.25
7: L062 D030 A037 -5.91 0.00 -3.33
8: L062 D030 A114 0.00 -4.62 -0.55
9: L062 D030 T032 -3.00 0.00 -5.78
10: L062 T031 M139 -1.89 -4.33 0.00
11: L062 T031 A114 -2.59 -3.75 0.00
12: L062 M067 M003 -9.36 0.00 -0.70
13: L062 M067 M007 -5.45 0.00 -3.77
14: L062 M067 M172 -4.56 0.00 -4.33
15: L062 M067 M139 0.00 -7.01 -0.37
16: L062 M067 M153 0.00 -1.59 -2.43
17: L062 M067 A037 -6.44 0.00 -3.08
18: L062 M067 A114 -0.30 -7.97 0.00
19: L062 M067 T032 -3.18 0.00 -5.21
20: L062 M003 M007 0.00 -0.80 -6.08
21: L062 M003 M172 0.00 -0.77 -7.77
22: L062 M003 M139 -0.62 0.00 -10.45
23: L062 M003 A037 0.00 -0.83 -3.53
24: L062 M003 A114 -0.66 0.00 -9.68
25: L062 M003 A063 0.00 -0.56 -11.32
26: L062 M003 T032 0.00 -0.69 -10.00
27: L062 M007 M175 0.00 -2.63 -5.85
28: L062 M007 M172 0.00 -8.74 -0.75
29: L062 M007 M139 -2.49 0.00 -5.77
30: L062 M007 A037 -0.78 -6.98 0.00
31: L062 M007 A114 -2.77 0.00 -5.34
32: L062 M007 A063 0.00 -5.33 -4.36
33: L062 M007 T032 0.00 -6.86 -2.92
34: L062 M175 M172 -4.35 -3.65 0.00
35: L062 M175 T032 -2.53 -5.42 0.00
36: L062 M172 M139 -3.00 0.00 -4.83
37: L062 M172 A037 -2.42 -6.05 0.00
38: L062 M172 A114 -3.36 0.00 -4.48
39: L062 M172 A063 0.00 -7.05 -2.93
40: L062 M172 T032 0.00 -9.23 -1.46
.
. << More Output Follows
63> order (染色体上标记点的排序)
Linkage Groups at min LOD 3.00, max Distance 50.0
Starting Orders: Size 5, Log-Likelihood 3.00, Searching up to 50 subsets
Informativeness: min #Individuals 44 (codominant only), min Distance 4.0
Placement Threshold-1 3.00, Threshold-2 2.00, Npt-Window 7
===========================================================================
Linkage group 1, 15 Markers:
56 L062 63 D030 81 T031 109 M067 122 M003
123 M007 159 M175 164 M172 197 M024 212 M139
222 M153 263 A037 277 A114 278 A063 301 T032
Most informative subset: 278 222 109 122 212 159 164
Searching for a unique starting order containing 5 of 7 informative loci... Got one at log-likelihood 13.19
Placing at log-likelihood threshold 3.00...
Start: 109 122 164 278 159
Npt: 109 122 (263) 164 278 159
Npt: 109 (56) 122 263 164 278 159
Npt: 109 56 122 263 (123) 164 278 159
Npt: 109 56 122 263 123 164 (301) 278 159
No unique placements for 6 remaining markers
Map:
Markers Distance
109 M067 18.5 cM
56 L062 2.4 cM
122 M003 6.0 cM
263 A037 2.3 cM
123 M007 2.3 cM
164 M172 3.5 cM
301 T032 4.7 cM
278 A063 8.9 cM
159 M175 ----------
48.4 cM 9 markers log-likelihood= -75.40
Markers placed relative to above map:
109 56 122 263 123 164 301 278 159
:-19-:--2-:--6-:--2-:--2-:--3-:--5-:--9-:
277 2 **.:..*.:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:...
212 2 **.:..*.:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:...
63 2 .*.:.**.:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:...
222 2 **.:..*.:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:...
81 2 **.:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:.*.
197 3 **.:..*.:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:.*.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Placing at log-likelihood threshold 2.00...
Start: 109 56 122 263 123 164 301 278 159
Npt-End: (222) 109 56 122 263 123 164 301 278 159
Npt: 222 (212) 109 56 122 263 123 164 301 278 159
Npt: 222 212 109 (63) 56 122 263 123 164 301 278 159
Npt: 222 (197) 212 109 63 56 122 263 123 164 301 278 159
Npt: 222 197 212 (277) 109 63 56 122 263 123 164 301 278 159
No unique placements for 1 remaining marker
Map: << Order Output Continues
Markers Distance
222 M153 7.6 cM
197 M024 3.7 cM
212 M139 1.1 cM
277 A114 6.0 cM
109 M067 3.4 cM
63 D030 16.6 cM
56 L062 2.4 cM
122 M003 6.0 cM
263 A037 2.3 cM
123 M007 2.3 cM
164 M172 3.5 cM
301 T032 4.7 cM
278 A063 8.9 cM
159 M175 ----------
68.2 cM 14 markers log-likelihood= -102.55
Markers placed relative to above map:
222 197 212 277 109 63 56 122 263 123 164 301 278 159
:--8-:--4-:--1-:--6-:--3-:-17-:--2-:--6-:--2-:--2-:--3-:--5-:--9-:
81 2 **.:..*.:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:.. order1= M153 M024 M139 A114 M067 D030 L062 M003 A037 M007 M172 T032 A063 M175 other1= T031
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Best placement of T031:
Markers Distance
(81) T031 1.2 cM
222 M153 7.6 cM
197 M024 3.7 cM
212 M139 1.1 cM
277 A114 6.0 cM
109 M067 3.4 cM
63 D030 16.6 cM
56 L062 2.4 cM
122 M003 6.0 cM
263 A037 2.3 cM
123 M007 2.3 cM
164 M172 3.5 cM
301 T032 4.7 cM
278 A063 8.9 cM
159 M175 ----------
69.4 cM 15 markers log-likelihood= -104.62
===========================================================================
64> let best=order1 (对best进行命名)
best= M153 M024 M139 A114 M067 D030 L062 M003 A037 M007 M172 T032 A063 M175 确认图谱排序
65> sequence best
sequence #24= chrom10: M153 M024 M139 A114 M067 D030 L062 M003 A037 M007 M172 T032 A063 M175
66> ripple (排序检测)
===============================================================================<> Map To Test:
Markers Distance
222 M153 7.6 cM
197 M024 3.7 cM
212 M139 1.1 cM
277 A114 6.0 cM
109 M067 3.4 cM
63 D030 16.6 cM
56 L062 2.4 cM
122 M003 6.0 cM
263 A037 2.3 cM
123 M007 2.3 cM
164 M172 3.5 cM
301 T032 4.7 cM
278 A063 8.9 cM
159 M175 ----------
68.2 cM 14 markers log-likelihood= -102.55
===============================================================================<> Window-size: 5 Log-likelihood Threshold: 2.00
Comparing maps with ALL flanking markers...
compare {M153 M024 M139 A114 M067}... ok
compare ...{M024 M139 A114 M067 D030}... ok
compare ...{M139 A114 M067 D030 L062}... ok
compare ...{A114 M067 D030 L062 M003}... ok
compare ...{M067 D030 L062 M003 A037}... ok
compare ...{D030 L062 M003 A037 M007}... ok
compare ...{L062 M003 A037 M007 M172}... ok
compare ...{M003 A037 M007 M172 T032}... ok
compare ...{A037 M007 M172 T032 A063}... ok
compare ...{M007 M172 T032 A063 M175} ok
===============================================================================<> 分析另一条染色体