课文精华,尽在掌握!2019新外研版高中英语必修三全册课文及翻译(中英文对照)

Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you

Understanding Ideas

Dear Agony Aunt,

尊敬的知心阿姨，

I’m in a total mess here—hope you can help me out!

我这儿一团糟——希望您能帮帮我！

I’m 17, and a member of our school basketball team. I’m crazy about basketball, and pretty good at it too, which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match. We played well, but I felt the team were let down by one member, our point guard. The point guard is a key player, but it was like he wasn’t even on the court! Disappointed by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend. I was just letting off steam really, because I was so angry, but then my friend went and told everyone else what I’d said.

我今年17岁，是学校篮球队的一员。我酷爱打篮球，而且打得也挺好的，也许正因如此，在我们队输掉了最近的比赛时我相当恼怒。我们打得不错，但我感觉整个团队都被一个队友拖累了，那就是我们的控球后卫。控球后卫是队里的关键球员，但他就像根本不在场上一样！我对他的行为感到失望，我把这些全部告诉了我最好的朋友。我其实只是发泄一下怒气，因为我很生气，可我的朋友随后却把我的话告诉了所有人。

This is so totally awkward. I’m really angry with my friend—what should I say to him? And should I say anything at all to my teammate?

这太让人尴尬了。我真的很生我朋友的气——我应该对他说些什么呢？另外，我是否应该对我的队友说点什么？

Embarrassed and ashamed, I can’t concentrate on anything. Please help!

我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。请您帮帮我吧！

Ben

本

Absolute agony!

深陷痛苦！

Our Agony Aunt answers your questions.

知心阿姨为你答疑解惑

Dear Ben,

亲爱的本，

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课文精华,尽在掌握!2019新外研版高中英语必修三全册课文及翻译(中英文对照)

There is an old American saying, “Loose lips sink ships.”This means that if you speak too much about something, especially to people who you don’t know so well, it’ll cause all kinds of trouble.

美国有一句老话：“口风不紧船舰沉(祸从口出)。”意思是说如果你过多地谈论某件事，尤其是跟你不太了解的人谈，会招来各种麻烦。

The situation here is so much worse because the “loose lips”were your best friend’s. Treated this way, you’re sure to feel hurt—we should always be able to trust those closest to us, and it hurts even more when we find we can’t.

现在的情况更糟糕，因为“口风不紧”的人是你最好的朋友。被这样对待，你一定会觉得受到了伤害——我们应该总是能够信任最亲近的人，当我们发现他们不能信赖时，就更伤心了。

But I have to say that it’s partly your fault, isn’t it? You admit that you were “letting off steam”. It is understandable in that situation, but we should always think before we speak.

不过我不得不说你也有一部分责任，不是吗？你承认了你在“宣泄情绪”。在当时的情况下，这是可以理解的，但我们在说话前应该先想清楚。

Here’s what you need to do. First, apologise to your teammate. If you ever want to win any more basketball games (and I’m sure you do!), you need to work together, and that means communicating with each other clearly and resolving conflicts. So have a chat with your teammate. Tell him directly and honestly that you were talking without thinking.

现在你应该这么做。首先，向你的队友道歉。如果你们想赢得更多的篮球比赛（我肯定你们一定想赢! ），你们就必须团结合作，这就意味着你们彼此间必须沟通清楚，解决矛盾。所以，找你那位队友聊聊吧。坦诚地告诉他你当时的话没有经过认真考虑。

Then, talk to your friend. Friendship should be one of the greatest things in the world, but sometimes it can be difficult. Again, your strategy is clear communication. Tell your friend you’re angry with him for repeating what you said and making the situation worse, but that you want to move on. Approached in this way, your friendship will soon be repaired.

然后，和你的朋友聊聊吧。友谊应该是世界上最好的事物之一了，但有时也会有些麻烦。同样，你的策略是进行清楚明确的沟通。告诉你的朋友，他传话的行为让情况更糟糕了，你对此很生气，但你想让事情就此过去。通过这种方式处理，你们的友谊很快就会修复。

Thirdly, and perhaps most importantly, think about your own behaviour. Don’t say too much when you’re angry! Filled with anger, you tend to say whatever comes to your mind. This gives people the wrong signal. Take a deep breath, calm down, and always remember: think first, speak later. If you feel one of your teammates isn’

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课文精华,尽在掌握!2019新外研版高中英语必修三全册课文及翻译(中英文对照)

coach.

第三，也许是最重要的一点，反思自己的行为。生气的时候别说太多话！满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。这会给别人错误的信号。深呼吸，冷静下来，并始终牢记：三思而后行。如果你觉得你的队友没有尽责，那你要以更专业的方式向教练提出你的担心。

If you think about other people’s feelings as well as your own, you'll soon find everything works out.

如果你能在考虑自己感受的同时也考虑别人的感受，很快你就会发现一切都好了。

Good luck!

祝你好运！

Agony Aunt

知心阿姨

Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you

Developing Ideas

Little White Lies

善意的小小谎言

Written more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry:

两百多年前，沃尔特·司各特写下的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一：

Oh, what a tangled web we weave,

When first we practise to deceive!

啊，谎言一旦开始，我们须得织就一张错综复杂的网！

We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong, but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie? Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”: little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.

我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对的，但是谁又能诚实地说自己从未说过谎呢？也许我们会这样来安慰自己：我们所说的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”——我们为了保护他人免受真相伤害的小谎言。

We’ve all surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal for us that we

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课文精华,尽在掌握!2019新外研版高中英语必修三全册课文及翻译(中英文对照)

food is “delicious”.

我们一定都有过这样的经历：别人为我们准备的饭菜不合我们的口味。我们大多数人当然不会说实话——我们会撒谎说食物“很美味”。

Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut, we say “It’s great!”, even if we think it’s awful. But to what extent can we justify telling white lies like these?

或者有朋友问我们他的新发型怎么样，即使我们觉得很糟糕，我们也还是会说：“太棒了！”但是这些善意的谎言到底有多正当呢？

One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better. However, when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good, or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate, are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else? Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment and anger of others.

说善意谎言的一个主要原因是为了照顾别人的感受。然而，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时，我们真的是在为别人着想吗？也许实际上，我们撒谎只是为了不让别人失望和生气，以免殃及自身。

Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement. Say for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing. You of course say that it’s wonderful, despite secretly thinking that your cat can sing better. Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve. Or perhaps, they need to know that they should look for a different hobby.

说善意谎言的另一个原因是给予鼓励。比方说，你的朋友问你觉得他的歌唱得怎么样。尽管你私下里认为他唱得还不如猫叫好听，但你还说会说这很好听。停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想从你那儿得到一些坦诚的意见，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他知道自己应该换一个爱好了。

Finally, we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news. If you’ve had a bad day, do you tell your parents about it, or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”? If the latter, don’t you think your parents would want to listen to you and understand your feelings? Wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice?

最后，想要向别人隐瞒坏消息的时，我们也可能会说善意的谎言。假如你今天诸事不顺，你是对你的父母说实话呢，还是会偷偷擦掉眼泪骗他们说你今天过得“很好”？如果是后者，难道你不觉得其实父母希望听你倾诉从而理解你的真实感受吗？尊重他们对你的关心，向他们寻求建议不是更好吗？

Going back to Walter Scott’s lines, we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance. Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious”will be served every time you visit. Would your friend trust your opinion again if he found out you

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understand your emotions if you only shared good news instead of bad? Moreover, how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hiding the truth from you?

回到沃尔特·司各特的诗句，我们可能会发现，即使是善意的谎言，也会带来无法预知的后果。也许被你评价为“美味的”饭菜会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。如果你的朋友发现你对歌声“很美妙”的评价是个谎言后，他还会继续信任你的看法吗？如果你只分享好消息而隐瞒坏消息，你又怎么能指望别人真正理解你的情绪呢？而且，如果你发现身边最亲近的人对你隐瞒了真相，你又会作何感想？

Unit 2 Making a difference

Understanding Ideas

The Well that Changed the World

改变世界的井

As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water. He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain. It was very close—only ten steps away. So, Ryan asked himself, “Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometres to get water every day? And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?”Young Ryan thought, “Life is easy for me, but hard for those people. Why don’t I help?”

年仅六岁的加拿大小学生瑞安难以相信老师所说的话：在欠发达的非洲国家，许多人都喝不到足够的干净的水。他的目光掠过教室，望向对面的喷泉式饮水器，它是那么近——只有十步之遥。因此，瑞安问自己：“为什么有些非洲儿童每天要步行十公里去取水？为什么他们会因为喝了不卫生的水而生病？”年幼的瑞安想道：“我的生活很舒适，但他们的生活却那么艰难，我为什么不去帮帮他们呢？”

At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He cleaned windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours. He soon reached his first target of $70, but when he gave the money to a charity, he was told that it actually cost $2,000 to build a well. Seventy dollars was only enough for a hand pump. Ryan understood that a hand pump wouldn’t help the children. What they needed was a well dug near their homes.

起初，他的计划是赚钱在非洲挖一口井。通过帮助家人和邻居们擦窗户、做

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机构时，他才得知挖一口井实际上需要花费2,000美元。70美元只够买一个手压泵。瑞安明白一个手压泵帮不了非洲的孩子们。他们需要的是一口离家不远的井。

Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn’t give up. He was determined to help other children have clean water. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money. At the same time, a friend of Ryan’s mother helped make his story go public. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water. They were grateful to him and invited him to visit.

2,000美元可是一笔大数目，但是瑞安并没有放弃。他下定决心要帮助其他孩子获得干净的水。他开始向同学和邻居求助，说服他们捐款。与此同时，在瑞安妈妈的一位朋友的帮助下，瑞安的事为公众所知了。几个月后，瑞安筹集了2,000美元，在乌干达一所小学附近建造了一口井。这所学校的孩子们再也不用走几小时的路去打水了。他们非常感激瑞安，并邀请瑞安前来参观。

In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. But that was not all. He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him. They sang and danced happily. Some even offered him food and gifts. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him. He really had made a difference for these children. He broke into a joyful smile.

在乌干达，瑞安终于亲眼看到了打好的井。不仅如此，他还看到了几百名学生兴高采烈地欢迎他。他们高兴地唱歌跳舞。有的学生还为他送上了食物和礼物。一开始瑞安还有点紧张，但很快他就感到一阵温暖。他真的改变了这些孩子的生活。他突然笑了起来。

Later, Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many inspired people gave him their support. Ryan’s foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water.

后来，这段经历促使瑞安建立了一个基金会，以鼓励更多的人提供帮助。许多深受鼓舞的人都给与瑞安支持。瑞安的基金会不断吸引着越来越多的人给予帮助，从而使打井事业能够继续。如今，这份能改变人一生的礼物——干净卫生的水——已经惠及了非洲16个国家的80多万人。

Now, as an adult, Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don’t I help?”, but “How can I help today?”. This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality.

如今，瑞安已长大成人，他不再问“我为什么不去帮助他们？”，而是“如今我该如何去帮助他们？”。这份领悟，始于一个有勇气和毅力实现梦想的六岁男孩那颗坚定不移的心。

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Unit 2 Making a difference

Developing Ideas

The Power of Good

善行的力量

“The British Schindler”: the life of Nicholas Winton

“英国辛德勒”：尼古拉斯·温顿的生平

It is August 1939, and a group of frightened children are boarding a train at Prague’s Wilson Station. Their heartbroken parents do not join them. Indeed, they fear they may never see their children again. But they know that their children will live. These are among the 669 children, most of them Jewish, that Nicholas Winton will go on to save from death at the hands of the Nazis.

1939年8月，一群心惊胆战的孩子们在布拉格的威尔逊车站登上列车。而他们伤心欲绝的父母却没有上车。事实上，他们害怕再也见不到自己的孩子了。但他们知道，孩子们会活下来。这些孩子大都是犹太人，他们是尼古拉斯·温顿即将从纳粹手里解救的669名儿童中的一部分。

Nicholas Winton was born on 19 May 1909 in London, to German-Jewish parents. The family later took British nationality. On leaving school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France. He returned to Britain in 1931, where he worked in business.

尼古拉斯·温顿1909年5月19日出生于伦敦，父母是德裔犹太人。一家人后来加入了英国国籍。从学校毕业后，温顿先后在德国和法国的银行工作。他于1931年回到英国，从事商业工作。

In December 1938, a friend asked Winton to come to Prague to aid people who were escaping from the Nazis. In Prague, Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and whose lives were in danger. He decided to help transport children to safety in Britain. He established an office to keep records of the children, and then returned to Britain to find temporary homes for them. He used donated funds and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child that the British government required. By August 1939, Winton had saved 669 children.

1938年12月，一个朋友请求温顿前往布拉格帮助那里的人们逃脱纳粹的迫害。在布拉格，温顿看到人们生活在恶劣的环境中，连生命都受到威胁。他决定帮助把孩子转移到英国安全的地方。他开设了一个办事处来记录孩子们的信息，然后回到英国为孩子们寻找寄养家庭。他用捐款和自己的钱来支付英国政府向每个孩子征收的50英镑的费用。截至1939年8月，温顿已经解救了669个孩子。

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During World War II, Winton served as an officer in Britain’s Royal Air Force. He left the military in 1954. He then worked for international charities and for various companies. For the most part, he did not mention the children he saved, and his actions soon disappeared from people’s memories.

二战期间，温顿曾在英国皇家空军担任军官。他于1954年离开部队。之后他在一些国际慈善机构和多家公司工作过。他极少提及自己救孩子的事情，于是这些事渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。

That all changed in 1988 when his wife Grete found a forgotten journal at home. The journal contained photographs and names of the children and addresses of the families that took them in. She sent the journal to a newspaper, and that year Winton was seen on the British television programme That’s Life. At one point, the host asked people in the audience to stand up if Nicholas Winton had saved their lives. A shocked Winton watched as the majority of people rose to their feet. The programme brought his actions to public attention, and Winton became a respected figure around the world.

直到1988年，一切都发生了改变。他的妻子格蕾特在家中发现一本被遗忘的日记。日记里夹着孩子们的照片，上面记录着孩子们的名字以及寄养家庭的地址。她将日记寄给了一家报社。同年，温顿参加英国的一档电视节目《这就是生活》。节目中，主持人问在场有没有被温顿救过的人，如果有请起立。温顿震惊地看到在场的大多数人都站了起来。这个节目让他的善举为公众所了解，也让温顿被世界各地的人们所尊敬。

Later, Winton received various honours for his achievement, including a knighthood in 2003, and the Czech government’s highest honour, the Order of the White Lion, in 2014.

此后，温顿因其成就而获得了各种荣誉，其中包括2003年获得爵士称号，以及2014年获得捷克政府的最高荣誉“白狮勋章”。

Nicholas Winton passed away on 1 July 2015, at the age of 106. As the Chinese saying goes, “A kind-hearted person lives a long life.”

尼古拉斯·温顿于2015年7月1日与世长辞，享年106岁。正如中国谚语所说：“仁者寿。”

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Unit 3 The world of science

Understanding Ideas

The New Age of Invention

新发明时代

Interviewer: Good evening, and welcome to Between the Pages. This evening, I’ll be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst,whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been published. Welcome, Richard!

采访人：晚上好，欢迎来到《字里行间》。今晚的嘉宾是理查德·费尔赫斯特博士，他的新书《新发明时代》刚刚出版。欢迎您，理查德！

Richard: Thank you. It’s a pleasure to be here.

理查德：谢谢。很高兴能来到这里。

Interviewer: I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before. It suggests that the present day is a new age for inventions, but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.

采访人：我猜已经有人就书名向您提问了。书名提示现在是发明创造的新时代，但可能很多人都认为辉煌的发明时代已经结束了。

Richard: Well, that’s an interesting point. There have been golden ages of invention throughout history. Think of the four great inventions in Ancient China: gunpowder, papermaking, printing and the compass. These things changed the world forever. Then there were the great Western inventions: the steam engine, the telephone and the radio. And now, we find ourselves in the great new age of technology.

理查德：嗯，这是一个有趣的观点。历史上出现过很多发明创造的黄金时代。想一想中国古代的四大发明：火药、造纸术、印刷术和指南针。它们永远地改变了世界。然后是西方的伟大发明：蒸汽机、电话和广播。而现在，我们自己正处于伟大的科技新时代。

Interviewer: So are most of the new great inventions tech-based?

采访人：所以大多数伟大的新发明都是科技产品吗？

Richard: A lot, yes. For example, advances in virtual reality and wearable tech, as well as the flexible battery, mean we should soon be seeing further developments. In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.

理查德：是的，很多都是。比如说，虚拟现实、可穿戴科技设备以及柔性电池技术的进步，这意味着我们很快会看到更多相关领域的产品研发。此外，由于计算机能力的不断提高，医药与环境科学也取得了重要进展。

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Interviewer: Can you give us some examples?

采访人：您能给我们举一些例子吗？

Richard: Sure. New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. In terms of the environment, it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house. It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places, with compu ting technology controlling its “legs”. What’s more, huge advances in solar technology mean it can be eco-friendly, too.

理查德：当然可以。3D打印机之类的新发明已经应用于制作移植心脏与部分骨骼。在环境领域，建造智能可移动房屋现在已成为可能。它能依靠全球定位系统技术四处移动，计算机技术则控制着它的“双腿”。此外，太阳能技术的巨大进步也意味着它可以很环保。

Interviewer: Imp ressive stuff! I’ve also been told that you’re an inventor yourself. Is that correct?

采访人：真是了不起的发明！我还听说您自己本身也是个发明家，对吗？

Richard: Yes, I am, but I’m only one member of a big team—most inventors now work as part of big international teams.

理查德：是的，但我只是大团队中的一员——大多数发明家现在都在大型国际团队中工作。

Interviewer: I see. So what is it that inspires us to invent things?

采访人：明白了。那么，是什么激励着人们去发明创造呢？

Richard: Most inventions start with recognising a problem that needs a solution. This was no doubt the reason behind the invention of the wheel in ancient times, which much later developed into the car. Now, reduced energy supplies and environmental pollution have led to more advances in the technology of new energy vehicles. But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that’s the real spirit of invention.

理查德：绝大多数发明都是从发现某个需要解决的问题开始的。古代轮子的发明无疑也是如此，后来演变为汽车。现在，能源供应紧缩与环境污染推动了新能源汽车技术的进一步发展。不过有一点依旧重要，我们对思考和创造有着一种极度的渴望，这正是真正的发明精神。

Interviewer: One last question. This is the one everyone really wants to know: will anybody ever invent a time machine?

采访人：最后一个问题，也是大家都很想知道的：会有人发明出时光机吗？

Richard: I think you’ve been watching too many movies! Nothing like this has been invented yet and I’d say we’re a long way from an invention like that at the moment! But, as they say, “Never say never!”

理查德：我觉得您电影看多了！至今尚无类似的发明，而且我认为，我们离这样的发明还远着呢！不过，正如人们所说：“凡事无绝对！”

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Unit 3 The world of science

Developing Ideas

FRANKLIN’S EXPERIMENT: How Much Is True?

弗兰克林的实验：有多少是真的？

Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning has in troduced generations of children to science. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact.

本杰明·富兰克林关于闪电的著名实验已引领一代又一代的儿童迈入科学世界。然而，新的研究表明，这个故事可能是虚构的，而并非事实。

The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752. At that time, there was much interest in electricity. People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else. Franklin was one of them. He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it. A metal key was attached to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock. This, he said, proved that lightning was a form of electricity.

这一广为人知的故事讲述了这位美国开国元勋和科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的经历。当时，不少人对电感兴趣。人们想知道闪电是否真的由电产生，还是另有源头。富兰克林就是其中之一。他在风筝上系了一根细绳，细绳上绑着一把金属钥匙。闪电击中了风筝，电流通过绳子传到了钥匙上。接着富兰克林用手指触碰钥匙，感受到了电击。他说，这一实验证明了闪电是电的一种形式。

For many years, schools have taught the story of Frankl in’s lightning experiment. More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.

多年来，学校一直在讲授富兰克林闪电实验的故事。数代学生都叹服于富兰克林的勇气与追寻真理时采用的科学手段。富兰克林与许多其他科学家激励并教导我们，科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。

However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. The detail about the string and the key is true. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he

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然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。虽然已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事，但不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。使用细绳和钥匙这一细节是真实的，但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。

Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity. In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.

科学家们常常对已被人们接受的观点提出质疑，以求证事实。一些科学家甚至质疑关于苹果砸中了牛顿的脑袋促使他提出了万有引力定律的故事。事实上，多处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。

Admittedly, fiction is often more interesting than the truth. People have been more ins pired by Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story.

诚然，虚构往往比真相更有趣。富兰克林科学探索精神比事实本身更能激励人们。但在科学领域，能被实验与研究所证明的东西才算作事实，我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的事——即使它是一个精彩的故事。

Unit 4 Amazing art

Understanding Ideas

Live from the Louvre

来自卢浮宫的直播

Hi, it’s Zack! Greetings from Paris, everyone! This broadcast is being brought to you from the largest museum on Earth—the Louvre! Today we’re going to find out about some of the Louvre’s most amazing treasures. Here we go!

嗨，我是扎克！我在巴黎向你们问好！本次直播地点是地球上最大的博物馆——卢浮宫！今天我们将一起探索卢浮宫最神奇的宝藏。开始吧！

Now, at the top of these stone stairs... get a load of that! That huge sculpture you can see is the Winged Victory of Samothrace, or Nike of Samothrace! I can’t even

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sky and is standing on a ship. Her head and arms are missing, but you can imagine her holding her arms up high, celebrating the result of an ancient battle. And just look at how her dress is being folded by the wind! I really can’t believe she’s made of stone. The skill of the sculptor is just incredible.

现在，我们到了这段石头阶梯的顶端……台阶实在是太多了！你们看到的这尊巨大雕塑是《萨莫色雷斯的胜利女神》，又名《萨莫色雷斯的奈基》！我都不知道该如何向你们形容这个雕塑有多么神奇！她宛如从天而降，飞立船头。虽然她的头部和胳膊都已经不见了，但你们仍然可以想象她正高举双臂，庆祝着一场古代战争的胜利。看她裙子上被风吹出的皱褶！我简直不敢相信她是石头做的。雕刻家的技艺真令人难以置信。

Okay, I’d better move on. You can see there are so many people here. I’m being pushed arou nd quite a bit, in fact. And you’re really going to love what’s coming up next. It’s the one and only Mona Lisa! The painting is a lot smaller than you would expect, and is protected by glass. But from here I can get a good view to show you. When I look into her eyes it seems she has a mind of her own! One moment she seems to be laughing at me, but then again I catch a sense of sadness in her smile. I guess that’s why she attracts so many visitors every day.

好了，我得往前走了。你们能看见，这儿有好多人。事实上，我是被周围拥挤的人群推过来的。你们肯定会喜欢接下来这件展品。那就是独一无二的《蒙娜丽莎》！这幅画比你们想象的要小得多，而且被玻璃罩着。不过我在这里可以拍得很清楚来给你们看。当我与她对视的时候，她似乎有自己的思想！上一刻她仿佛还在取笑我，而下一刻我却能从她的微笑中捕捉到一丝悲伤。我想这就是为什么她每天都吸引这么多游客前来吧。

And now, it’s time to get up close and personal with one of history’s greatest artists—Rembrandt! He painted this self-portrait about 400 years ago. Throughout his life, he made over 90 self-portraits! No one really knows why. Perhaps it was his way of taking a 17th-century selfie? Or was it simply cheaper to paint himself than to pay for a model?

现在，是时候近距离亲身了解历史上最伟大的画家之一——伦勃朗啦！他在大约400年前画了这幅自画像。他一生中画了90多幅自画像！没人知道为什么。也许这是他在17世纪“自拍”的方式？又或许只是因为画自己比花钱请模特儿更实惠？

About 35,000 works are currently being displayed in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything! I’ll say bye for now, and hope you can all visit this fantastic place one day to feel the power of these great works of art for yourselves. They really do reach out to us across the centuries as if time itself were nothing. By the way, if you have enjoyed this live broadcast, subscribe to find out where I’m visiting next!

卢浮宫共有300多个房间，目前正在展出的艺术品大约是35,000件，而要看完所有的展品大概需要一辈子。此刻我要说再见了，希望有一天你们都能来参

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出现在我们面前，仿佛时间没有流逝一般。哦对了，如果你们喜欢这场直播，请点击“订阅”，关注我下一站的目的地吧！

Unit 4 Amazing art

Developing Ideas

Han Gan and His Horses

韩干和他的马

What a magnificent horse! Even after more than a thousand years have passed, we can still feel the power within its burning eyes, bared teeth and kicking hooves.Night-Shining White, now kept in New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, is regarded as one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art. Its artist, Han Gan, is known for his skill in capturing not only the physical features of the animal, but also its inner spirit and strength.

好一匹骏马！尽管已经走过千年的时光，我们仍能感受到它炽烈的双眼、裸露的牙齿与和四蹄蹦跳的力量。现收藏于纽约大都会艺术博物馆的《照夜白图》被认为是中国艺术史上最重要的骏马图之一。它的创作者——画家韩干以其神形兼备的画马技艺闻名于世。

Born into a poor family in the early Tang Dynasty, the young Han Gan had to help support his family by working in a local wine shop. His artistic talent was discovered by accid ent when he was sent to the poet Wang Wei’s house to collect payment for some wine. While waiting at the gate, Han Gan used a stick to draw pictures in the dirt and was seen by the poet himself. Wang Wei decided to sponsor the young man to study painting and recommended him to a master. Due to Han Gan’s natural talent and years of hard work, he was eventually chosen to serve Emperor Xuanzong in the royal palace.

出生于唐初的一个贫困家庭，年少的韩干不得不在当地的一家酒肆工作来维持家庭生计。有一次，他被派至诗人王维家收酒钱，绘画才能因机缘巧合被发现。当时，韩干在门口等候，他捡起一根棍子在土地上画画，正好被王维看见了。王维决定资助这个年轻人学画，并把他推荐给了一位大师。韩干本来就有天赋，加之多年勤学苦练，最终被召入宫为唐玄宗效力。

The Tang emperors were very fond of horses. This meant that the animal was a frequent subject for artists. At that time, the most common way to study horse painting was by copying the works of previous painters. Han Gan’s method, however,

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stables and even moved in to live with the stable workers for quite some time. The horses, whether resting or on the move, offered him plenty of inspiration. The more time he spent observing these animals, the more his understanding of them grew. Day after day, Han Gan painted the horses, his brush presenting every detail that he saw with his own eyes.

唐朝皇帝十分喜爱骏马，马因此成为了画家笔下的常见主题。当时学习画马最常用的方法是临摹前人留下的画作。但韩干却采用了不同的方法——他去观察真的马。他是皇家马厩的常客，甚至直接搬到马厩中与马夫同住了很长一段时间。无论是静止休息的马还是动态行进的马，都给了他很多灵感。他观察这些动物的时间越长，对它们的了解程度就越深。韩干日复一日地练习画马，用画笔把眼睛观察到的每一处细节都呈现出来。

It is said that when the Emperor asked Han Gan to take a master of horse painting as his teacher, the artist replied, “I have my own teachers, Your Majesty. All the horses in your stables are my very teachers.”

据说，皇帝曾让他选一位画马大师为师，他却回答说：“陛下，臣自有师，陛下内厩之马，皆臣师也。”

Those who saw Han Gan’s horse paintings all sang high praises for his unique skill, sa ying that his horses “could gallop off the paper”. Even Su Shi, the famous poet of the Song Dynasty, expressed his admiration for Han Gan as a master of horse painting with the words, “The horses painted by Han Gan are real horses.”

那些看过韩干的骏马图的人都对他独特的技艺赞不绝口，称他的马“跃然纸上”。就连宋代的著名诗人苏轼在都诗中写道“韩生画马真是马”，表达了对韩干画马的卓越才能的钦佩。

Unit 5 What an adventure！

Understanding Ideas

CLIMBING QOMOLANGMA: WORTH THE RISKS?

攀登珠穆朗玛峰：值得冒险吗？

Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds, discomfort and danger. Many would become sick, due to the extreme cold and low air pressure, and a few would even lose their lives. Yet, despite all this, by the end of the trip many were already planning to return. For these people, climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other, making some feel

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明知道会是一次拥挤、不舒适而又危险的体验，去年仍有数百人愿意为此花费大价钱。由于极端严寒和低气压，许多人会生病，甚至有少数人会丢掉性命。尽管如此，在旅程的结尾，已经有很多人在计划着重返这里。对于这些人而言，攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一次独一无二的体验，它让一些人感受到脆弱的同时也让另一些人感受到强大。

British mountain climber George Mallory wrote of climbing Qomolangma, “What we get from this adventure is just sheer joy... We do not live to eat and make money. We eat and make money to be able to enjoy life. That is what life means and what life is for.” Sadly, Mallory would die o n the mountain in 1924, although his body would not be found until many years later. It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life.

英国登山者乔治·马洛里曾这样记述攀登珠峰的体验：“我们从这次冒险活动中得到的是纯粹的快乐……我们活着不是为了吃饭和赚钱。我们吃饭和赚钱是为了能够享受生活。这才是生活的意义和目标。”不幸的是，1924年马洛里在登山过程中身亡，他的遗体在多年后才被发现。至今人们也不知道他生前是否成功登顶了珠峰。

In 2011, words similar to those of Mallory were spoken by American mountain climber Alan Arnette, who climbed Qomolangma in that year and was going to climb other high mountains arou nd the world. “It brings into focus what’s important to you.” He added, “There are a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going. You really have to focus on the one reason that’s most important and unique to you. It forces you to look deep inside yourself and figure out if you really have the physical, as well as mental, toughness to push when you want to stop.”

在2011年，美国登山者艾伦·阿内特曾说过与马洛里类似的话，那年他攀登了珠穆朗玛峰，之后又准备去攀登世界各地其他的高山。“登山让你聚焦于对你而言重要的事，”他补充道，“纵使有一千个理由让你回头，但总有一个让你继续前行。你必须专注于一个对你而言最重要也最独特的理由。当你想放弃的时候，它会迫使你深入审视自己的内心，并思考自己的身体和心灵是否足够坚强继续向前。”

With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure, is there also a scientific reason behind this risk-taking? Recent studies indicate that risk-taking may be part of human nature, with some of us more likely to take risks than others. Psychologist Frank Farley has spent years studying people who jump out of planes and drive fast cars, as well as those who climb Qomolangma. He refers to the personalities of these p eople as “Type T”, with the “T” standing for “thrill”.

攀登珠穆朗玛峰的大多数尝试要么大获全胜，要么彻底失败，这一冒险行为的背后是否有科学解释？最近的研究表明，冒险可能是人类天性中的一部分，而一些人比其他人更愿意去冒险。心理学家弗兰克·法利曾花费数年时间研究那些高空跳伞、飚车以及攀登珠峰的人。他把这些人的人格特征称为“T型人格”，“T”

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