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2012年职称英语考试综合类教材新增文章篇目

阅读判断（共1篇）

*第十一篇 Computer Mouse （详细内容）

阅读理解（共5篇）

*第十九篇 The Family （家庭）

*第二十篇 Tales of the Terrible Past （讲述可怕的过去）

*第二十六篇 Seeing the World Centuries Ago （看许久以前的世界）

*第三十篇 “Lucky” Lord Lucan ----- Alive or Dead （“幸运的”鲁肯伯爵-是死是活） *第三十三篇 Oseola McCarty （老妇人）

补全短文（1篇）

*第十一篇 Virtual Driver （详细内容）

完形填空（共5篇）

*第六篇 Teaching and learning （详细内容）

*第七篇 The Difference between Man and Computer （详细内容）

*第八篇 Look on The Bright Side （详细内容）

*第九篇 The First Bicycle （详细内容）

*第十篇 Working Mothers （详细内容）

阅读判断：

*第十一篇 Computer Mouse

The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting1，drawing，and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think2 how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak，so the mouse is a very natural pointing device.0ther computer pointing devices include light pens，graphics tablets and touch screens，but the mouse is still our workhorse.

The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became more popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text，it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse，with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983，really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks.3

How does the mouse work? We have to start at the bottom，so think upside down for now. It all starts with the mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad，it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light-emitting diodes (LED) mounted on either side4. One

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LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by，the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place. The LED detects a changing pattern of light，converts the pattern into an electronic signal，and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out of the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name. The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen.

So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have

used.5One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.

词汇:

scroll / skr ul/ v. (在显示屏上)上下移动文本 pad /pæd/ n. 垫板

mouse pad 鼠标垫板 graphics /'græfiks/ n. 图形，图表

tablet /'tæblit/ n. 书写板 graphics tablet 图形书写板

workhorse /'w :kh :s/ n. 重负荷工作部件 shaft / a:ft / n. 轴，杆状物

emit /i'mit/v. 射出 diode /'dai ud/ n. 二极管

cursor /'k :S r/ n. 光标 optical /' ptikl / adj. 光学的

注释:

1. copying and pasting: 复制和粘贴

2. without stopping to think: 没有停下来想一下。"stop+动词不定式"是"停下来去做某件事"，"stop+动名词"是"停止做某件事"。例如: We stopped to rest for a while. 我们停下来休息一会儿。He stopped smoking. 他停止抽烟。

3. ...started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks. 使广大计算机用户开始踏上一条依赖鼠标完成常规计算机工作的道路。computer public: 广大计算机用户。road to 中的to是介词，所以后接动名词relying。

4. mounted on either side = mounted on both sides

5. So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used. 到目前为止，我们只限于讨论大多数人应该拥有或用过的基本型的计算机鼠标。

练习:

1. Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

2. According to the author，general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was invented.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

3. The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body，which looks like the tail of a mouse.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

4. The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs.

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A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

5. When an ordinary computer mouse gefs dirty，it has to be replaced with a new one.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

6. The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

7. The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former has no moving parts.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

答案与题解:

1. B 题句的意思是大多数计算机使用者都想了解鼠标的工作原理。这与短文的介绍不符。短文第一段第三句说，大多数计算机使用者天天用计算机，却没有想到要了解一下鼠标的工作原理。题句的信息是错误的，故答案为B。

2. C 题句表达的意思是，短文作者认为一般计算机使用者无须了解鼠标是如何发明的。题句表达的内容短文中找不到，故答案为C。

3. A 题句说鼠标的名称源自鼠标主体拖出的一根看上去像鼠尾巴的电线，这与短文第三段倒数第二句、第三句所介绍的信息相符，所以，本题选项A是正确答案。

4. A短文的第三段说到，鼠标的部件有滚动部件如滚球，还有光电装置如二极管等。二极管将光信号转换为电信号，传送到计算机，计算机根据收到的电信号作出相应的反应，因此，二极管是鼠标的主要部件，而滚轮等只是辅助性的机械部件。题句对短文信息的推断是正确的，故答案为A。

5. B 题句说鼠标脏了，就得更换新的。这一说法与短文包含的信息不符。第一段第三句和末段倒数第二句都提到，鼠标脏了，可以擦干净再用。题句的信息是错误的，故答案为B。

6. C题句说，当前市场上出售的最耐用的鼠标是IBM生产的鼠标。这一说法短文中找不到，故答案为C。

7. A末段说到光电鼠标因为没有普通鼠标使用的滚动部件，所以不会吸附灰尘，用不着擦拭，这是一种新型的鼠标。题句是对短文信息的一种合理推断，所以选项A是正确的。

*第十九篇 The Family

The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. Until recently, the most common form in North America was the nuclear family，consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one another. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America，the elderly often do not live with the family ; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes.

There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies，such as North America，and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits，who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh conditions，mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans，the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.

The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time，the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents，mother and father，brothers and sisters，uncles，aunts，and cousins. In North America today，there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by

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divorced，separated，or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family，not just in North America, but throughout the world，continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.

词汇:

nuclear /'nju:kh/ adj. 原子核的，中心的 harsh /ha: / n. 严酷的

emergency /I'm :d nsI/ n. 紧急状况 agranan / 'gre rl n/ adj. 土地的，耕地的

注释:

1. lt must be prepared to fend for itself. 它必须能够照料自己。

2. In North America，the elderly often do not live with the family; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes. 在北美洲，老人很少和家人一起生活;他们一般住在退休社区和养老机构。

3. In harsh conditions，mobility allows the family to hunt for food. :在恶劣的条件下，流动性能让一个家庭吃饱饭。

练习:

1. Another good title for this passage would be_____.

A) What Makes a Family?

B) The Life of the Inuits.

C) Living with Hardship.

D) The Failure of theNuclear Family.

2. A nuclear family is defined as_____.

A) a married couple with their minor children

B) a single father with，minor children

C) parents，grandparents，and children

D) parents，children，and aunts and uncles

3. The information in this passage would most likely be found in_____.

A) an anthropology textbook

B) a biology textbook

C) a mathematics textbook

D) a geography textbook

4. The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through _____.

A) listing statistics

B) telling a story

C) pointing out similarities

D) pointing out differences

5. The word mobility means_____.

A) money

B) readiness to move

C) organization

D) skill

答案与题解:

1. A 本题问的是:这篇文章的题目还可以是什么? A 的意思是是什么构成了一个家。B 的意 思是因纽特人的生活。C 的意思是生活得很艰难。D 的意思是核心家庭的失败之处。根据文意，本文主要介绍了与家庭相关的信息。B 不是主要内容。C 未提到。D 未提到。因此A 是正确的答案。

2. A 本题问的是:核心家庭的定义是什么?根据第一段的第三句话:Until recently，the most common form in North America was the nuclear family，consisting of a married couple with their minor children. 可知

A 是正确的答案。

3. A 本题问的是:这篇文章最有可能出自哪里? A 的意思是人类学课本。B 的意思是生物课本。C

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的意思是数学课本。D 的意思是地理课本。本文主要介绍了家庭，因此最有可能是人类学课本。所以 A 是正确的答案。

4. C 本题问的是:第一段的信息主要以何种方式陈述的?根据第一段的陈述方式，并没有列 出数据或者讲故事，而是通过描述共性而阐述出核心家庭的概念。因此 C 是正确的答案。

*第二十篇 Tales of the Terrible Past

It is not the job of fiction writers to analyze and interpret history. Yet by writing about the past in a vivid and compelling manner，storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force readers to consider them seriously. Among those taking on the task of recounting history are some black writers who attempt to examine slavery from different points of view.

Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison deals specifically with the legacy of slavery in her book

Beloved. The main character in this novel，a former slave called Sethe，lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War，but she cannot free herself from her horrific memories. Through a series of flashbacks and bitter reminiscences，the reader learns how and why Sethe escaped from the plantation she had lived on; the fate of her husband，who also tried to escape; and finally，what happened to the child called Beloved. Morrison's scenes of torture and murder are vivid and strongly convey the desperation of the slaves and the cruelty of their owners.

Charles Johnson's Middle Passage approaches slavery from a different，yet no less violent，vantage point. His main character，Rutherfprd Calhoun，is a ne'er-do-well free black American who stows away on a slave ship bound for Africa to collect its "cargo". Put to work after he is discovered，Calhoun witnesses firsthand the appalling conditions in which the captured Africans are transported. When they finally rebel and take over the ship，he finds himself in the middle -- and is forced to come to terms with who he is and what his values are. Neither Beloved nor Middle Passage is an easy read，but both exemplify African American writers' attempts to bring significant historical situations alive for a modem audience.

词汇:

interpret /in't :prit/ v. 解释，翻译 desperation /desp 'rei n/ n. 绝望的境地

recount /ri'kaunt / v. 叙述 capture /'kæpt / v. 俘获

slavery /'sleiv ri / n. 奴隶制度

注释:

1. Yet by writing about the past in a vivid and compelling manner，storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force readers to consider them seriously. 然而通过用一种生动有趣的方式来描写过去，小说家可以将早期时代重现，并引起读者的重视。

2. His main character. Rutherford Calhoun. is a ne'er-do-well free black American who stows away on a slave ship bound for Africa to collect its "cargo" .他的主人公叫做 Rutherford Calhoun，是一个游手好闲，身份自由的美国黑人。他偷偷登上了一艘开往非洲贩卖奴隶的船只。

练习:

1. This passage is mostly about__________.

A) the causes of slavery in America

B) black writers in the late 20th century

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C) why Morrison and Johnson wrote the books they did

D) two novels that deal with slavery

2. Beloved is set__________.

A) on a slave ship

B) on a plantation before the Civil War

C) in Ohio after the Civil War

D) in an African town

3. The writer seems to feel that__________.

A) eveyone should read Morrison's and Johnson's novels

B) the books are worthwhile but challenging

C) black writers should ignore racial issues

D) we will repeat the past if we don’t learn about it

4. The writer emphasizes that the two books are similar in their__________.

A) use of flashbacks

B) treatment of women

C) criticism of whites

D) portrayal of violence

5. The word appalling means__________.

A) terrible

B) surprising

C) guilty

D) unrealistic

答案与题解:

1. D 本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲什么? A的意思是美国奴隶制的原因。B的意思是20世纪的黑人作家。C的意思是莫里森和约翰逊写书的原因。D的意思是关于奴隶制的两本小说。本文主要介绍了莫里森和约翰逊各自关于奴隶制的小说的主要内容，因此D是正确的答案。

2. C 本题问的是:“宠儿”的设置背景是什么?根据第二段的第二句话:a fornier slave called Sethe，lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War可知其背景是在内战之后的俄亥俄州。因此C是正确的答案。

3. B 本题问的是:作者的感觉是什么?A的意思是每个人都应该读莫里森和约翰逊的小说。B的意思是这些作品非常值得写但又很有挑战性。C的意思是黑人作家应当忽略种族问题。D的意思是如果我们没有学习过去，那么这些过去会重现。A，C，D原文没有体现，因此B是正确的答案。

4.D 本题问的是:作者强调两部作品的共同之处是什么?根据第三段的第一句话:yet no less violent可知两部作品都有对暴力的描写。因此D是正确的答案。

5. A 本题问的是:appalling的意思是什么?根据第三段对运送非洲人去美国的描述可知，此状况必然是不好的，糟糕的。A的意思是糟糕的。B的意思是令人惊讶的。C的意思是有罪的。D的意思是不现实的。因此根据文意，A是正确的答案。

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第二十六篇 Seeing the World Centuries Ago

If you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Frommer or Eugene Fodor，it will not surprise you to lean that travel writing has a long and venerable history. Almost from the earliest annals of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for their accounts of journeys to strange and exotic locales.1

One of the earliest travel writers，a Greek geographer and historian named Strabo，lived around the time of Christ. Though Strabo is known to have traveled from east of the Black Sea west to Italy and as far south as Ethiopia，he also used details gleaned from other writers to extend and enliven his accounts. His multivolumed work Geography provides the only surviving account of the cities，peoples，customs，and geographical peculiarities of the whole known world of his time.

Two other classic travel writers，the ltalian Marco Polo and the Moroccan Ibn Battutah，lived in roughly the same time period. Marco Polo traveled to China with his father and uncle in about A.D.1275 and remained there 16 or 17 years，visiting several other countries during his travels. When Marco returned to ltaly he dictated his memoirs，including stories he had heard from others，to a scribe，with the resulting book II milione being an instant success.Though difficult to attest to the accuracy of all he says，Marco's book impelled Europeans to begin their great voyages of exploration. 2 lbn Battutah's interest in travel began on his required Muslim joumey to Mecca in 1325，and during his lifetime he journeyed through all the countries where Islam held sway. 3 His travel book the Rihlah is a personalized account of desert journeys，court intrigues，and even the effect of the Back Death in the various lands he visited . In almost 30 years of traveling it is estimated that Ibn Battutah covered more than 75，000 miles.

词汇:

venerable / 'ven r bl/ adj. 庄严的，值得尊敬的 enliven /in'laiv n/ v. 使生动

account / 'kaunt/ n. 记述 voyage /'v iid / n. 航行

exotic /ig'z tik/ v. 异国的，外来的

注释:

1. Almost from the earliest annals of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for their accounts of journeys to strange and exotic locales. 几乎从最早有时间记载开始，人们就发现，他们对去一个陌生地方旅行的记录是不乏读者的。

2. …Marco's book impelled Europeans to begin their great voyages of exploration.……马可的书促使欧洲人开始了他们伟大的航海探索之旅。

3. …he journeyed through all the countries where Islam held sway.……他去了所有伊斯兰教掌权的国家旅行。

练习:

1. This passage is mostly about__________.

A) why people find travel writing exciting

B) the literary style of three early travel writers

C) where three early travel writers went and wrote about

D) how to write a travel book

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2.Ibn Battutah traveled__________.

A) to China B) to Ethiopia

C) throughout the Muslim word D) for 16 or 17 years

3. The books bf the three writers were popular because__________.

A) they listed good places to stay

B) they told of strange and exotic locales

C) they explained the best routes to get to places

D) all of their stories were firsthand accounts

4. The overall organization of this passage is through__________.

A) chronological order B) spatial description

C) travel writers’ personal narratives D) persuasive details

5. In this passage attest means to__________.

A) give an examination to B) draw a map of

C) tell lies to D) give proof of

答案与题解：

1.C 本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲了什么? A的意思是为什么人们觉得旅行写作令人激动。

B 的意思是三位早期旅行作家的文学风格。C的意思是三位早期旅行作家去过的地方以及 他们的写作内容。D的意思是如何写一部旅行作品。根据本文内容，C选项最符合题意。因此C是正确的答案。

2.C 本题问的是:Ibn Battutah到过哪里旅行?根据最后一段的第一句话:he journeyed through all the countries where Islam held sway，可知，他去过了所有穆斯林的国家。因此C是正确的答案。

3.B 本题问的是:三位作家的作品都很受欢迎，原因是什么? A 的意思是他们列出了好的地 方。B的意思是他们写出了陌生的外面的地方。C的意思是他们说明了去一些地方的最好路线。D的意思是他们的所有故事都是一手资料。根据第一段的最后一句话可知，旅行作品吸引读者的地方在于它描述了一个陌生的地方，因此B是正确的答案。

4.A 本题问的是:这篇文章的整体布局是依照什么?本文主要依照时间顺序介绍了公元前后 的三位作家，按时间先后用序，因此A是正确的答案。

5. D 本题问的是:在这篇文章中attest是什么意思? attest出现在第三段的最后一句话，为的是表达马可所说的无法被证实是否都属实。A的意思是考察。B的意思是画一张地图。C的意思是说谎。D的意思是证实。因此D是正确的答案。

*第三十篇 “Lucky” Lord Lucan ----- Alive or Dead

On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan，a British aristocrat，vanished. The day before，his children's nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too. To this day the British public are still

interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found. Now，over 30 years later，the police have reopened，the case，hoping that new DNA techniques will he1p solve this murder mystery.1

People suspected that“Lucky”，as he was called by friends，wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark，killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged wife

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heard noises，came downstairs and was also attacked，but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder，a jury conc1uded that Lucan had ki1led the nanny.

What happened next is unc1ear，but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories：he may have killed himself，he could have escaped or he might have been killed. It appears that the night after the murder，“Lucky”borrowed a car and drove it，Lucan's friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel.

Another version of events says that “Lucky” left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France.2 He was met there by someone who drove him to safety in another country. However，after a time，his rescuers became worried that they would become involved in the murder too and so Lucan was killed.

A further fascinating theory was made in the book Dead Lucky by Duncan MacLaughlin，a former

detective. He believes that Lucan travelled to Goa，India，where he assumed the identity of a Mr Barry Haplin. Lucan then lived in Goa till his death in 1996. In the end the c1aim turned out be a case of mistaken identity. The man who died in 1996 was real1y Haplin，an exschoolteacher turned hippy. So what is the truth about Lucky? DNA testing has solved many murder cases，but who knows if it can cIose the book on this one. 3 词汇：

vanish / 'værnf / v. 消失 suicide /'sjvisaid/ n. 自杀

case / keis / n. 案件 detective / d’ tekt iv/ n. 侦探

nanny /'næni/ n. 保姆

注释：

1. Now，over 30 years later，the police have reopened the case，hoping that new DNA techniques will help solve this murder mystery. 30 多年后的今天，警察重新调查案件，希望新的 DNA技术帮助揭开这个谋杀之谜。

2. Another version of events says that “Lucky” left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France. 另一个版本是说“幸运的”把被血染了的车子扔在了海岸上，乘上了一艘开往法国的船。

3. DNA testing has solved many murder cases，but who knows if it can close the book on this one. DNA 鉴定破了很多谋杀案件，但是不知它能否把这个案件做个了结。

练习：

1. The public are still interested in the investigation because______.

A) of the terrible murder B) of the use of new DNA techniques

C) Lord Lucan has never been found D) Loard Lucan was famous

2. It is thought that Lucan killed the nanny because______.

A) she was looking after the children

B) she was a friend of Lucan's

C) it was dark and he thought she was Lady Lucan

D) Loard Lucan thought the nanny stole his car

3. Aspinall thought Lucan killed himself by______.

A) jumping into water B) jumping out of his house

C) sailing his boat D) sinking his boat

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4. Lucan could have been killed because people ______.

A) didn't want the police to catch him

B) thought he might talk to the police about them if he was caught

C) were unhappy with him

D) thought he was rich

5. Ex-detective MacLaughlin claimed that Mr Barry Haplin ______.

A) was an old schoolteacher B) died in Goa，India

C) was really Lord Lucan in disguise D) was a merchant

答案与题解：

1. C 本题问的是：公众对这件谋杀的调查依旧很感兴趣的原因是什么?根据第一段第二句 话：To this day the British public are still interested in the murder case because. Lucan has never been found. 可知

C 是正确的答案。

2. C 本题问的是：Lucan 被认为是杀了保姆的凶手是因为什么? A 的意思是保姆正在照看孩子。B 的意思是她是 Lucan 的一个朋友。C 的意思是一片漆黑中 Lucan 以为她是自己的太太。D 的意思是Lucan 认为保姆偷了他的车。根据原文意思，可知 C 是正确的答案。

3. D本题问的是：Aspinall 认为 Lucan 是怎样自杀的?根据第三段的最后一句话：他觉得Lucan 伯爵在英吉利海峡弄沉了自己坐的船，已经自杀了。因此 D 是正确的答案。

4. B本题问的是：Lucan 可能已经被杀了，原因是什么?根据第四段的最后一句话：他们担心 自己也会被卷入到谋杀案件中，因此杀了 Lucan。最符合此意的选项为 B ，意思为他们觉得 如果 Lucan 被捕，他有可能跟警察提起这些人。

5. C 本题问的是：前侦探 MacLaughlin 声称Barry Haplin是什么?根据本文最后一段：MacLaughlin确信，Lucan 逃到了印度的果阿，在那里他换了个身份假装 Barry Haplin 这个 人。C的意思是 Barry Haplin 是 Lucan 伯爵假装的。因此C是正确的答案。

*第三十三篇 Oseola McCarty

LATE ONE SUNDAY AFTERNOON in September 1999，Oseola McCarty，an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life. It may seem like an ordinary end to a humble life，but there was something quite exceptional about this woman. 1

In the summer of 1995 ，McCarty gave $ 150，000，most of the money she had saved throughout her life，to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown. The money was to help other African

Americans through university. She had started her savings habit as a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron for money which she would then save.

She led a simple，frugal existence，never spending on anything but her most basic needs. 2 Her bank also advised her on investing her hard-earned savings.

When she retired，she decided that she wanted to use the money to give children of limited Means the opportunity to go to university. 3 She had wanted to become a nurse，but had to leave school to look after ill relatives and work. When asked why she had given her life savings away，she replied，“I’m giving it away so that children won't have to work so hard，like I did. ” After news of her donation hit the media，over 600

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donations were made to the scholarship fund. One was given by media executive，Ted Turner，who reputedly gave a billion dollars.

She didn't want any fuss made over her gift，but the news got out and she was invited all over the United States to talk to people. Wherever she went ，people would come up to her to say a few words or to just touch her. She met the ordinary and the famous，President Clinton included. In the last few years of her life，before she died of cancer，McCarty was given over 300 awards：she was honoured by the United Nations and received the Presidential Citizen' s Medal. Despite having no real education，she found herself with two

honorary doctorates：one from the University of Southern Mississippi and the other from Harvard University. Her generosity was clearly an inspiration to many and proof that true selflessness does exist.

词汇:

frugal /'fru:g l/ adj. 节约的，俭朴的，花钱少 的，物质的，廉价的 fuss /f s / n. 慌乱，小题大做，抱怨争吵 V. 忙

donation /d v’neif n/ n. 捐赠，捐款，捐赠的 乱，(为小事)烦恼抱怨

注释:

1. It mayseem like an ordinary end to a humble life，but there was something quite exceptional about this woman. 这位老妇人看似平凡的一生却有着非同寻常的意义。

2. She led a simple，frugal existence，never spending on anything but her most basic needs. 她一生过着简单、节俭的生活，除了生活必需品外她从不在其他事情上花钱。

3. When she retired，she decided that she wanted to use the money to give children of limited means the opportunity to go to university. 当她退休的时候，她决定用钱给那些条件有限的孩 子提供上大学的机会。 练习:

1. This woman shocked and inspired the world because _______.

A) she had managed to save so much money

B) she gave her money to African Americans

C) she gave her life savings to help others through university

D) she only spent money on cheap things

2. She managed to save so much mOI1y because_______.

A) she had ironed and washed clothes all her life

B) she had worked hard ，saved hard and invested carefully

C) she had opened a good向 bank account

D) she knew how to make money

3. She gave her money away because_______.

A) she wanted to help -the university

B) she wanted others to have the chance to become nurses

C) she wanted others to have the opportunity to escape a hard life

D) she want to be remembered after her death

4. When her generosity was made_______.

A) people donated billions

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B) hundreds of students got scholarships

C) hundreds of people put money into the fund

D) she was sent to university

5. McCarty became famous because _______.

A) of her generosity

B) of her exceptional skills

C) she had saved $ 150，000

D) she travelled all over America

答案与题解:

1. C 本题的问题是:这个女人震撼和鼓舞世界的原因是什么?从文章的第一段最后一句看出 这个女人有不同于寻常人的地方，第二段第一句直接给出了她不同寻常有着卓越意义的原因，即捐款 150000 美元。故此题答案为 C。A、B 项不切题。D 选项未提及。

2. B本题的问题是:她能够攒下如此多的钱的原因是什么?从文中第二段最后一句话与第三 段第一句话可以得出结论，她从年轻的时候便开始有积蓄的习惯并且除了生活必需品外几乎没有开销，故本题答案为 B。A 项不切题，C，D 项未提及。

3. C本题的问题是:她把钱捐出来的原因是什么?由第四段中间她的回答可知，她是想让孩 子们摆脱苦难的生活，不用生活得如此艰辛。故此题答案为 C。

4. C 本题的问题是:她的慷慨行为公之于世后有什么样的影响?由第四段最后两句可得出答案，原文只提及一个名为 Ted Turner 的人捐款十亿美元，所以 A 选项不正确，B 选项不切题，D 选项未提及，故本题正确答案为 C。

5. A本题的问题是：McCarty 因什么而闻名?总览全文可知A为正确答案C，D 选项不切题，B 选项未提及。

补全短文：

*第十一篇 Virtual Driver

Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears，analyzing with a brain，and coordination between hands，feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears，analyzes through his brain，and maintains coordination Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab，but there is in fact a virtual driver1. This virtual driver has eyes，brains，hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot，you car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2, analyzing their position on the road, choosing the right path, and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.

In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly. (3)_ _ However, it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action.

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With its rapid reaction and accurate control，the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on

expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at any time and in any place? ___4___. With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways. The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. ___5___. This being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars， and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like5.

词汇：

virtual / 'v :t u l / adj. 虚拟的

Built-in / 'bilt'in / adj. 嵌入的

coordination / k u, :di'nei n / n. 协调，配合

racecar /'reis,kɑ:/ n. 赛车

cab / kæb / n. 驾驶室

expressway / ik'spreswei / n. 高速公路

minicamera / 'minikæm r /n. 小型照相机

driverless / draiv les/adj. 无驾驶员的

boot / boot /n. (车身后部的)行李箱

注释：

1. virtual driver：虚拟驾驶员

2.The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at：大脑负责计算汽车周围物体移动的速度。 The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at ＝ The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds at which objects surrounding the car are moving

3.have the wheel：驾驶汽车

4.This being the case：虽然情况是这样。 This being the case 是独立分词短语。

5.highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like：未来的汽车就应该是高度智能化的汽车。

练习：

A．Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.

B．In the near future， intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.

C．This is the brain of the car.

D．But how does an intelligent car control itself?

E. It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.

F．However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them.

答案与解析：

1. D “空1” 前面三个句子讲的是真人驾驶员驾驶汽车时脑、眼、耳、手、脚并用，而且要协调配合。“空1”之后话题转入虚拟驾驶员。“空1”之后的第一句 “Apparently there isn’t anyone in the driver’s cab……”似来得有些突然。与前面句子接得很生硬。中间应该有个过渡句。选项 C 就是连接上下文的

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过渡句。

2. C “空2”前面一句说， 如果你打开车身后部的行李箱，你就能看到自动驾驶系统的最重要的部件，嵌入式电脑。“空2”后的句子中的 the brain of the car 自然是指前句的 built-in computer, 但接得太突然。选项 C 的 “This is the brain of the car ”就把前后句子联系起来了。this 指代上一句的 built-in comupter。后面句子的 The brain of the car 是重复选项 C中 的 The brain of the car，显得很自然。所以，C是答案。

3. E “空3”前面一句说，虚拟驾驶员最大的优点是反应快。 “空3”后面一句说，最好的赛车手至少要1秒钟才能作出反应。“至少要1秒钟”已经暗示，虚拟驾驶员反应速度要比真人驾驶员快。一找，选项 E 果然说，虚拟驾驶员只需100毫秒就能作出反应。选项 E 使上下文的意思完整，因此是答案。

4. A “空4”前面是一个问句，即“在这种情况下，是不是可以不分时间、不分地点都让虚拟驾驶员驾驶汽车?”“空4”的句子应该回答这个问题：“让还是不让?”选项A回答了这个问题，因此是答案。

5. F “空5”前面一句的意思是，"The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. "（智能汽车按清晰标出的车道线决定自己的行车方向，靠车辆的常规形状识别其他车辆。）选项F的内容正好相反。上一句说

"recognizes"，还有"mark the lanes clearly"，而F说"cannot recognize"，又说"no clear markings"。从意思表达和词汇重复上，都能判断出，F的句子应该出现在“空5”的位置上。

完型填空：

第六篇 Teaching and learning

Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading

assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the (1)________in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The (2) _______ student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of(3) _______, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned(4) _______ brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is(5) _______ for learning the material assigned. When research is(6) _______ , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with(7) _______ guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to

explain(8) _______ a university library works; they expect students(9) _______ graduate students to exhaust the reference(10) _______ in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but(11) _______ that their students should not be (12) _______ dependent on them. In the United

Stats professors have many other duties (13) _______ teaching， such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (14) _______ . If a student has problems with classroom work , the student should either (15) _______ a professor during office hours or make an appointment.

词汇:

assignment / 'sainm nt/n. 任务，作业 administrative / d'ministr tiv / adj. 管理的， 行政的 motivate /'m uti,veit/ V. 剌激，激发……的积极性 appointment / 'p intm n / n. 约定，约会

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exhaust / ig'z :st / V. 耗尽，使筋疲力尽;彻底 讨论

注释:

1. ...lie with ... :……是……的责任

2. ... for the sake of learning ... :……为了学习……

3. ... approach a professor during office hours ... :……在办公时间见老师……

练习:

1. A) suggestion B) context C) abstract D) information

2. A) poor B) ideal C) average D) disappointed

3. A) fun B) work C) learning D) prize

4. A) by B) in C) for D) with

5. A) criticized B) innocent C) responsible D) dismissed

6. A) collected B) distributed C) assigned D) finished

7. A) maximum B) minimum C)possible D) practical

8 A) when B) what C)why D) how

9. A) particularly B) essentially C) obviously D) rarely

10. A) selections B) collections C) sources D) origins

11. A) hate B) dislike C) like D) prefer

12. A) too B) such C)much D) more

13. A) but B) except C) with D) besides

14. A) plentiful B) limited C) irregu1ar D) flexible

15. A) greet B) annoy C) approach D) attach

答案与题解:

1. D 综合第一句的大意，只有 D 选项"信息"填在这里恰当，A 选项的意思是"提议，暗示" ，B"语境，上下文" ，C"摘要"。

2. B 此句大意为"理想的学生是为了学习而学习"，只有 ideal最符合要求，故选 B。

3. C 本文讲的是与学生学习相关的内容，A，B，D 均不合文意及句意，故排除。

4. D 此处要区分几个介词的含义，be returned with 一般有"带着……回来"之意，此句意为 "有时，被发回来的作业上只有简短的评价，并无分数"。be returned by 意为"被……带回来"，而 for ，in 于此搭配不当，答案选 D。

5. C be responsible for 是固定搭配，表示"对……负责任"。其他选项放在此处都不合上下文含意。

6. C 此句意思是"当一项研究课题被选定时，教授们期望学生积极去做"。A 和 D 不合题意，最大的干扰项 B 意思为"分配，分布"，一般指一个整体被分散给许多个体，与之相比，C 选项更为合适。

7. B 老师肯定希望学生能够在尽可能少的指导下完成研究。只有 B 选项意为"最小的"，为正确答案。

8. D 首先排除 B 选项，因为此处需要一个关系副词充当宾语从句的状语，而 what 是关系代词，之后要看整句的意思，教授们没有时间去给学生解释一个大学图书馆是怎样运作的。A和 C 虽然符合语法要求，但放此处意思不通，故选 D。

9. A A 选项意为"尤其" ，B"本质上" ，C"明显地"，D"很少地，难得"。此处强调毕业生，A 选项

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较为合适。

10. C 此句意为"教授们期望学生，尤其是研究生阅尽图书馆中的文献资源 "。 A 意为"选集"，B 为"集合"，两者一般都指文学作品的"集合"，而此处是学术界的文献。C 与 D 选项都有"来源，源头"的意思，但 D 选项侧重于"起源，开端"，C 更侧重于"原始资料"，为正确答案。

11. D 根据下文意思，A和B 选项可直接排除，教授们肯定是喜欢学生不依赖他们，不是不喜欢。

D 选项的含义比 C 选项更递进了一步，符合题意，故选D。

12. A dependent 是形容词，前面不能与 such ，much 搭配，D 选项 more 放在此处构成比较级，但前文并无原级与之相比较，因此只剩下 A 为答案，此句意为"教授们愿意帮助那些需要帮助的学生，但更希望学生不要太过依赖他们"。

13. D 此题重点在于区分三个有"除……之外"含义的介词。A 选项一般翻译成"而不是，并不是" ，

B 选项意为"除去……之外"，D 选项意为"除去……之外还……"，此句意思为"美国的教授除了教书之外还有许多其他的职责"，故 D 为答案。

14. B 根据上文含义，一个教授能花在学生身上的时间一定是有限的，A，C，D 不合题意，直接排除，B 选项为正确答案。

15. C 此题还是承接上文含义，正因为教授时间有限，因此学生若想与之沟通，定要等教授在学校的时候，或是提前约好。C 选项意为"接近，靠近"，为正确答案，其他选项意思与文意不符，A 为"问候" ，B 为"使……厌恶"，D 为"依附，伴随，添加"。

*第七篇 The Difference between Man and Computer

What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don’t yet (1) ______ for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about (2) ______they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand， don't. In fact，computers don't (3) ______ have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying

to find out when they read. If a computer (4) ______is to be a model of story understanding ，it should also read for a "purpose".

Of course ，people have several goals that do not make (5) ______ to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide (6) ______order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to (7) ______a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches. However ，these physiological and social goals give (8) ______to several intellectual or cognitive

goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find (9) ______ about the name of a restaurant which (10) ______ the desired type of food ，how expensive the restaurant is，the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to (11) ______ information or knowledge, what we are calling (12) ______ goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer (13) ______ "want" to find out the location of a restaurant ，and read a guide in order to do so (14) ______ the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not (15) ______out of hunger in the case of the computer，it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.

词汇:

element / 'elim nt / n. 元素，成分，要素