2012年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文类

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2012 年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文类

（精校word版有答案解析）

We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.

【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。成年人常常惊叹他们能很好地记着儿时学过的东西。作者认为这是儿时过度学习的结果，是因为当我们儿时学会一样东西的时候，我们不是就此停止，而是继续练习，才使我们记忆深刻。文章用例证法说明了“过度学习”的概念。 最后作者谈到了“过度学习”的好处和突击学习的弊端。

67. What is the main idea of paragraph 1?

A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.

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B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.

C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.

D. Stories for children are easy to remember.

【答案】A

【解析】根据文章的第一段的“Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.”可知：文章讲得是成年人常常惊叹他们非常好的记着儿时学过的东西。C、D断章取义，讲得太具体，B项错误，因为那是过度学习的结果，不是儿时记忆力好。所以A正确。

【考点定位】考查主旨要义。

68.The author explains the law of overlearning by_________.

A. presenting research findings

B. setting down general rules

C. making a comparison

D. using examples

70. What is the author's opinion on cramming?

A. It leads to failure in college exams.

B. It's helpful only in a limited way.

C. It's possible to result in poor memory.

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D. It increases students' learning interest.

【答案】B

【解析】根据文章的最后一段中的“By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.”可知：突击学习只在有限的方面有帮助。所以B正确。

【考点定位】考查作者的观点和态度。

2.【2012全国II】

(C)

Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.

Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.

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of pleasure”可知，在美国文化中，一般地说，微笑是快乐的表情。此处joy是pleasure的同义词。故选C。

【考点定位】考查细节理解。

50. The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can ___ .

A. show friendliness to strangers C. be used in the wrong places B. be used to hide true feelings D. show personal habits

【答案】B

【解析】根据文章第一段中的“It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures.”可知这是一个中心句，其后用例证法阐述：微笑能隐藏真正的感情。它常常导致跨文化间的困惑。其中越南人讲故事的例子就是为了说明这一观点。故选B。

【考点定位】考查作者的写作意图。

51. What should we do before attempting to “read” people?

A. Learn about their relations with others. B. Understand their cultural backgrounds. C. Find out about their past experience. D. Figure out what they will do next.

【答案】B

【解析】根据文章最后一段中的“The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.”可知，我们在“读”人们的表情的时候，要现理解

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他们的文化背景，否则，就会出错。

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