专项十

定语从句

Part规律印证 考点落实，步步为“赢”

[边 做 边 悟 ] 一、定语从句中which的考查

which既可引导限制性定语从句也可引导非限制性 定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，高考中的考 查重点是which在非限制性定语从句中的应用。which引 导非限制性定语从句时，常代指整个主句。

①(2013·天津卷)报纸新闻报道说，我们又发射了一颗

人造卫星。 We have launched another man-made satellite, ___________ in today's newspaper. ②(2013·安徽卷) 莫言获得了2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这 使得中国人民很久以来的一个梦想得以实现。 Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _____ one of the Chinese people's long-held dreams come true. 答案 ①which is announced ②which made

二、定语从句中where的考查

where引导定语从句时，在从句中作状语，主要有 以下两种情况： (1)表示具体的地点 ①史蒂芬·霍金认为，地球可能不是唯一有生命进 化的行星。 Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet __________ life has developed gradually. ②(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)当我到达时，布莱恩带我 去看了我即将居住的房子。 When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house __________.

(2)表示模糊的地点和抽象意义的地点(常见的先行词有

race, job, activity, case, situation, point, position, stage, degree等) ③(2013·江西卷) 他写了一封信，在信中他解释了在那 起事故中发生了什么。 He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident. ④他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 They have reached the point ________ they have to separate with each other. 答案 ①where ②where I would be staying ③where ④where

三、定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择

关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语； 关系副词在定语从句中作状语。 注意：先行词是地点名词时，关系词不一定用 where;先行词是时间名词时，关系词不一定用when; 先行词是reason时，关系词不一定用why。试比较：

This is the factory where I worked last year. This is the factory (that/which) I visited last year. I will never forget the day when I worked with them.

I will never forget the day (that/which) I spent with them. This is the reason why he was absent from school. This is the reason (that/which) he explained for his

absence from school. 以上例句中visit,spend和explain为及物动词，从句中 缺少宾语，故应用that/which引导。

①(2013·四川卷) 现在人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。 Nowadays people are more concerned about the

environment ________ they live. 答案 where [句意：分析句子

结构可知，空处引导 定语从句，先行词为environment,关系词在定语从句中 作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。] ②那天晚上，我工作到很晚，我以后会告诉你更多相

关的情况。 That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. 答案 which

四、定语从句中as与which的选择

(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句放在主句之前、主句 之后或者插在主句中间皆可，表示众所周知或意料之中 的事；而which引导的非限制性定语从句则只能放在主 句之后。 (2)当非限制性定语从句的谓语为be announced, be expected, be known, be reported, be said, be shown等被动 式谓语时，常用as引导。 (3)as表示整个主句内容时，有时含有“正如；正像” 等意思，而 which 无此意。

(4)在下列固定结构中，关系代词as代表整个主句所述

的内容，一般不用which。例如： as we know 众所周知 as has been said before 如前所述 as is often the case 情况常常如此 试比较： Li Ming was late for school again, which made Mr.Zhang very angry. You know, as we expected, Li Ming was late for school again. As is known to all, China is in the east of Asia.

①(2013·山东卷)There is no simple answer, ________ is

often the case in science. 答案 as [分析句子结构可知，该题为非限制性定语 从句，所填词在从句中作主语。] ②Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ________ , of course, made all the others upset. 答案 which [which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整 个主句部分的内容。]

五、定语从句中who, whom与whose的选择 who在引导的定语从句中作主语，whom作宾语，

whose作定语，其中who也可以代替whom作宾语，但 who不能位于介词后；who与whom只能指人，whose既 可指人又可指物。 试比较： He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. Do you know the man who(m) Mr.Black talked with just now? Do you know the man with whom Mr.Black talked just now? We live in the room, whose window faces the south.

①(2013·湖南卷)Happiness and success often come to

those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 答案 who [句意：幸福和成功往往降临到那些善于 意识到自己优点的人的身上。先行词是those,关系词在 从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who引导定语从句。] ②(天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never have got this far. 答案 whose [句意：我想感谢史密斯教授，没有他 的帮助我不会取得这样的成绩。从句中的help是名词， 与Professor Smith是所属关系，故用whose。]

③(浙江高考)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,

________ , for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society

. 答案 who [分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句， 定语从句的先行词是a painter,关系词在定语从句中作 主语，应该用关系代词who。]

六、“介词+定语从句”中介词的选择及其后关系词的

选择 1.介词后的关系代词主要有which和whom。 2.在“介词+定语从句”中，介词的选择常常依据下 面三点 (1)根据语境选介词 (2)根据谓语部分的搭配选介词 (3)根据先行词选介词 ①In the dark street,there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for help. 在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。(to与 从句谓语动词构成搭配turn to“求助于”)

②Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price ________

was very reasonable. 最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。 ③ (江西高考) 她带着游客参观这座博物馆——花了三年 多才建成的建筑。 She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ________ had taken more than three years. 答案 ①to whom ②of which ③of which