牛津初中英语语法图表

牛津初中英语语法网络图

加-s 7

表示“某 单复数同形 国人” 以-man 或-woman 结尾的改为 Englishmen, Frenchwomen -men,-women sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy 将主体名词变为复数 friends 合成名 8 无主体名词时将最后一部分变 词 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches 为复数 将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants III. 名词的所有格： 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s 构成， 二是由介词 of 加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s 所有格的构成： 单数名词在末尾加’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo, 一般在末尾加’ the teachers’ room, th

e twins’ mother, 复数名词 不规则复数名词后加’s the children’s toys, women’s rights, 以 s 结尾的人名所有格加’s 或者’ Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house 表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均 Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s 须加’s bikes 表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末 Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father 加’s 表示"某人家""店铺", 所有格后名 the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s 词省略 2. ’s 所有格的用法： 1 表示时间 today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday 2 表示自然现象 the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches 表示国家城市等地方的名 the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s 3 词 industry 4 表示工作群体 the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory 5 表示度量衡及价值 a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples 与人类活动有特殊关系的 6 the life’s time, the play’s plot 名词 a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s 7 某些固定词组 end(不知所措) 3. of 所有格的用法： 用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed

绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟) Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese

二.冠词 冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法： 1 指一类人或事，相当于 a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you. 3 表示“每一”相当于 every,one We study eight hours a day. 4 表示“相同”相当于 the same We are nearly of an age. 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out 5 名人有类似性质的人或事 That boy is rather a Lei Feng. A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a 6 用于固定词组中 walk, many a time 用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, 7 This room is rather a big one. such 之后 8 用于 so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. II. 定冠词的用法： 1 表示某一类人或物 The horse is a useful animal. 2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人 3 Would you mind opening the door? 或事 4 用于乐器前面 play the violin, play the guitar 5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the reach, the living, the wounded 6 表示“一家人”或“夫妇” the Greens, the Wangs 7 用于序数词和形容词副

词比较级最高级前 He is the taller of the two children. 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海， 山川群岛的the United States, the Communist Party of China, 8 名词前 the French 9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China. 10 在逢十的复数数词之前， 指世纪的某个年代in the 1990’s 11 用于表示单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour. 用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间 12 He patted me on the shoulder. 的词组前 III. 零冠词的用法： 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名 1 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 等名词前 名词前有 this, my, whose, some, no, each, I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is 2 every 等限制 this? 3 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring 4 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America. 5 学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前 He likes playing football/chess. 6 与 by 连用表示交通工具的名词前 by train, by air, by land 7 以 and 连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night 8 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals.

I. 代词可以分为以下七大类：

人称代主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 1 词 宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them

物主代形容词性 my, your, his, her, its, our, their 2 词 名词性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs

3 反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 4 指示代词 this, that, these, those, such, some

5 疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever

6 关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as

one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, 7 不定代词 other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either

II. 不定代词用法注意点：

1. one, some与any:

1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问 …… 此处隐藏：23591字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……