吉尔伽美什史诗ppt

时间：2025-04-28

《吉尔迦美什史诗》(The Epic of Gilgamesh)是目前已知世界最古老的英雄史诗。早在四千多年前就已在苏美尔人(Sumerian)中流传,经过千百年的加工提炼,终于在古巴比伦王国时期(公元前19世纪-前16世纪)用文字形式流传下来。这是一部关于统治着着古代美索不达米亚(Mesopotamia)地区苏美尔(Sumer)王朝的都市国家乌鲁克(Uruk)英雄吉尔伽美什(Gilgamesh)的赞歌。

The Epic of GilgameshThe Cuneiform Text of The Epic of Gilgamesh

M10-09

The Epic of Gilgamesh History of the Text the Sumerian epic is now lost most important extant versions of The Epic of Gilgamesh: Gilgamesh– Old Babylonian version (ca. 1800 BCE)– Assyrian version (ca. 700 BCE)

modern editors have reassembled the story from fragments such as these in this context, coherence is impossible

The Epic of Gilgamesh The Hero Gilgamesh Gilgamesh is part-mortal part-immortal– one-third human, two-thirds god– from this the story presumes that he will die

complication: he’s better than anyone around him and so he bullies everyone

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The Epic of Gilgamesh The Hero Gilgamesh cf. Gilgamesh I.67-8, 71-72The young men of Uruk he harries without warrant, Gilgamesh lets no son go free to his father . . . It is he who is shepherd of Uruk-the-Sheepfold, but Gilgamesh let no daughter go free to her mother.

so the people of Uruk complain to the gods

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The Epic of Gilgamesh Nephilim “sons of God” (bene elohim, Psalms 29:1)– cf. Genesis 6:4There were giants (nephilim) in the earth in those nephilim days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown.

– no explanation of who the sons of God are

the Nephilim (or their descendants) are the sinners God destroys in the Flood

The Epic of Gilgamesh Nephilim cf. the Canaanite tradition of the seventy sons of El and Asherah– the entourage who follow the principal god El around– but the Canaanite term“sons” is literal, whereas the Hebrew term is figurative cf. lightning as God’s swordM10-11

The Epic of Gilgamesh Nephilim the Nephilim are like Gilgamesh in that both are semi-divine being/s also, both overstep their bounds and cause problems– cf. the motif of the“fallen angel” e.g. Satan in the Bible Prometheus (the fire-bringer) in Greek myth

The Epic of Gilgamesh adom the gods decide to create Enkidu as a companion for Gilgamesh– a“playmate” who is like him and can interact with him on his own level

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