名词性从句讲解

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面

1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题 2. 考查引导词that与what的区别

3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 4. 考查whether与if的区别

5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别 6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题

语法要点剖析

一、名词性从句

主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）

连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.

连接副词：when, where, how, why

1. 主语从句

作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：

What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.

英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。

有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：

（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句 （2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句

（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 （4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句

另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that

It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that

2. 宾语从句

名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.

我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。

注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：

I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。

例如： I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。

She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。

3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：

a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。

例如： Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.

月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。

4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用

不同时态。

例如： he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）

he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）

I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）

he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）

当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。

例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．

5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。

例如： We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。

I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。

3. 表语从句

在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：

The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。

需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：

The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning

4. 同位语从句

同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：

The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。

同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。

试比较下面两个例句:

I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）

Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）

名词性从句专项练习100题

1. His success was because of ________ he had been working hard.

A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact

2. “Is Mary from New York City” “I don't know _______.”

A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she come

C. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from

3. ________ makes mistakes must correct them.

A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever

4. The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was ________ a new job.

A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got

5. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.

A. while B. that C. if D. for

6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why ________.

A. did he do that B. he did that C. he did D. he has done so

7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know ________.

A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting along

C. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along

8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.

A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

9. He asked me ________ with me.

A. what is the trouble B. what wrong was

C. what was the matter D. what trouble it is

10. I am sure ________ he said is true.

A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what

11. When and why he came here ________ yet.

A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee

12. I wonder how much ________.

A. does the watch cost B. did the watch cost

C. the watch costed D. the watch costs

13. Mary is ________ someone might recognize her.

A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for

14.________ is no reason for dismissing her.

A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes late

C. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late

15. They came to the conclusion ________ by a computer.

A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be done

C. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done

16. Why the explosion occurred was ________ the laboratory attendant had been careless.

A. for B. because C. since D. that

17. I don't doubt ________ he'll come.

A. that B. if C. what D. whether

18. —“Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang”

—“Well, I forget _______ I was supposed to go to.”

A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it

19. Output is now six times ________ it was before liberation.

A. that B. which C. what D. of which

20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet she's now buying a big house.

Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved ________.

A. what little she earns B. how little she earns

C. for little she earns D. with little she earns

21. ______ surprised me most was ______ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.

A. That…what B. What…that C. That…which D. What…which

22. We gave him ________ help we could.

A. which B. what C. that D. this

23. She is pleased with what you have given him and ________ you have told him.

A. that B. which C. all what D. all that

24. Excuse me would you please tell me ________

A. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be held

C. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place

25. Do you happen to know ________

A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wears

C. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his

26. This book will show you ________ can be used in other contexts.

A. how you have observed B. how what you have observed

C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed

27. Where do you think ________

A. has he gone B. has he been C. he's gone D. was he

28. Do you know ________

A. how many populations there are in the world

B. how much population there is in the world

C. how many the population of the world is

D. what the population of the world is

29. Would you go and see ________ outside

A. what to take place B. what Tom has happened

C. what is happening D. what the matter had been

30. The subject of "What is interesting is that I do not even know him." is_______.

A. what B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I

31. ________ I think he is Charles.

A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he is

C. Whom do you think he is D. Do you think who he is

32. He didn't know which room ________.

A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in

33. The little boy ate ________ his mother gave him.

A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what

34. The city is no longer ________.

A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be

35. My parents used ________ they had to get a new car for me.

A. which B. that C. what D. all what

36. ________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.

A. If…do B. That…do C. If…does D. That…does

37. ________ was the idea _______ the wife thought of

A. What…that B. That…what C. How…why D. Why…how

38. _______ did he tell his wife ________ he wished to do

A. That…what B. What…that C. Where…which D. Which…where

39. One of the men held the view ________ the book said was right.

A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that

40. I have no idea ________ or not he has finished the work.

A. if B. that C. whether D. which

41. —“Do you know ________”

—“His father is a doctor.”

A. what is his father B. who is his father

C. what his father is D. who his father is

42. Is this ________ we met each other two years ago

A. place B. place in which C. where D. place which

43. It ________ Bob drives badly.

A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that

44. We all know the truth ________ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.

A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever

45. They discussed ________ they could settle the problem without others' help.

A. if B. that C. what D. whether

46. She asked ________.

A. what I was doing when she rang me up B. what was I doing when she rang me up

C. when she rang me up what I was doing D. when did she ring me up what I was doing

47. —May I borrow the ring

—You can take _______ you like.

A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that

48. He said that he was fond of ________.

A. what beautiful is B. what is beautiful

C. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful

49. He insisted that he ________ in good health and _______ to work there.

A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send

50. Do you know ________ he expects will give us a talk

A. who B. whom C. that D. whose

51. It's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing.

A. if B. that C. whether D. how

52. They would have fixed the telephone yesterday _________ it was a holiday.

A. except B. except for C. except that D. but for

53. ________ is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad.

A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is hard

C. What is hard D. All what is hard

54. ________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.

A. That B. What C. How D. Which

55. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion ________ for a walk in the park.

A. we go B. we will go C. should we go D. that we go

56. ____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have.

A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what

57. ____ you don't like him is none of my business.

A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether

58. You can't imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents.

A. how they were excited B. how excited they were

C. how excited were they D. they were how excited

59. ____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

60. ________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.

A. What … that B. That … what C. Why … that D. If … what

61. _________is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.

A. That B. Why C. How D. Who

62. _______ we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.

A. When B. Why C. What D. That

63. _______ the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.

A. If B. Where C. That D. What

64. _______ he won't go there is clear to all of us.

A. How B. What C. Why D. This

65. _______ you come or not is up to you.

A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether

66. _______ makes mistakes must correct them.

A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody

67. _______ team will win the match is a matter of public concern.

A. Which B. That C. If D. How

68.Three days later, word came ________our country had sent up another man-made satellite.

A. which B. when C. that D. where

69.The problem is ________will go to the meeting.

A. why B. when C. what D. who

70.It looks _______ it were going to rain.

A. even if B. as if C. even though D. like

71.That is _______ he likes the place so much.

A. that B. what C. why D. how

72.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.

A. what B. where C. that D. why

73. We thought _______ strange that Tom did not come yesterday.

A. that B. it C. this D. what

74.The fact _______ she had not said anything surprised all of us.

A. which B. what C. that D. how

75.What I'm considering now _________ the money we need.

A. is B. are C. were D. was

76.Can you tell me __________

A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who

C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman

77. ________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who

78. It is well known _________ a person eats causes changes in the body.

A. that what, when, and how B. that

C. what D. how

79. The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.

A. that B. which C. what D. such

80. Jack was soon told ________ he did was not necessary.

A. why B. that C. how D. why what

81. We should think carefully about ________ Mr. Needham said at the meeting.

A. that B. what C. which D. X

82. Can you point out ________ two radios are the best

A. which B. what C. that D. whether

83. You will easily know ________ video recorders (录相机) are the same.

A. what those B. that of those C. that all of D. which of those

84. ________ you have seen things like these before doesn't matter.

A. If B. Whether C. What D. When

85. I asked her in English ________ she was, and she told me ________ she was an actress.

A. who…that B. who…X C. what…X D. how…that

86. She took it for granted ________ I'd be back home an hour ago.

A. that B. whether C. if D. when

87. We think it possible ________ the local government will be able to solve the housing problem.

A. for B. that C. when D. how

88. Now there is a danger ________ the ground may fall in (沉下) under the heavy traffic.

A. whether B. if C. X D. that

89. At that time I had no idea ________ I could hand it to him without being seen.

A. if B. how C. which D. that how

90. Last Sunday he promised ________ today, but he hasn't appeared yet.

A. that he would come B. that he will come

C. he will come to see me D. whether he would come

91. Last Sunday he made a promise ________ he was free he would take me to Qingdao.

A. if B. that C. that if D. whether

92. Do you have any idea ________

A. when Miss Smith will arrive B. when will Miss Smith arrive

C. how will Miss Smith arrive D. why hasn't Miss Smith arrived

93. I have almost forgotten ________.

A. how Mr. Taylor's like B. what Mr. Taylor's face is like

C. what Mr. Taylor's face is D. which Mr. Taylor's face is like

94. The true value of life is not in ________, but ________.

A. how you get …that you give B. which you got what you give

C. what you get …what you give D. what do you get…what do you give

95. Do you know ________

A. what is this used for B. what this is used for

C. which this is used D. that this is used for

96. ________ surprised me most was ________.

A. That…that she spoke Japanese so well B. What…how could she speak Japanese so well

C. What…that she spoke Japanese so well D. That…why she could speak Japanese so well

97. ________ is to dance.

A. That interests Mary really B. Which really interests Mary.

C. What really interests Mary D. What really interest Mary

98. We were greatly amused by ________.

A. what you have told us B. which you had told us

C. what you told us D. that you told us

99. These computers are different from ________.

A. that we expected B. what we expected

C. which we have expected D. what we expect

100. ________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.

A. That…that you had expected B. What …that you had expected

C. That…what you had expected D. What…what you had expected

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