cross_cultural_coms跨文化交际培训讲义

Module 3

Cross-Cultural Communication Developed by Carolee Buckler, Project Manager, International Institute for

Sustainable Development, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and Kelly Moore,

Project Consultant, International Institute for Sustainable Development,

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Table of Contents

Key Terms and Concepts

Learning Objectives/Outcomes

Introduction

1. What Is Culture

Exercise One

Self-Reflection

2. Exploring Your Own Culture

Exercise Two

3. Exploring Your Host Culture

Exercise Three

4. Communication Styles

Language Usage

Direct v. Indirect

Linear v. Circular

Attached v. Detached

Concrete v. Abstract

Self-Reflection 5. Other Aspects of Communication Styles

Non-Verbal Communication

Dealing with Conflict

Discussion

6. Culture Shock

Exercise Four

Self-Reflection

First Stage

Second Stage

Third Stage

Fourth Stage

Exercise Five

7. Cultural Adaptation and Awareness

8. Reverse Culture Shock

Resources

Circumpolar Young Leaders Training

Key Terms and Concepts

culture

culture shock

adaptation

stereotyping

cross-cultural communication

reverse culture shock Learning Objectives/Outcomes

Upon completion of this module, you should be able to

1. create strategies to improve day-to-day cross-cultural communication and maximize cultural sensitivity.

2. explore stages of adaptation and personal strategies for managing the stress of culture shock.

3. avoid misunderstanding based on cultural differences and methods for managing relationships.

4. understand the country context and its impact on professional and

personal objectives.

Introduction

Congratulations—you are about to embark on an experience of a lifetime! The opportunity to travel and work overseas is one of the greatest privileges we can enjoy. By going overseas, you will be able to immerse yourself in a foreign culture, speak the language of the people, learn their ways, and see the world through different eyes. You will have the kind of experience that will not only challenge you, but will stay with you through the rest of your life.

This Cross-Cultural Communication module will give you a general overview of the issues newcomers may face when they live in a foreign country: cultural self-awareness, cross-cultural communication, stereotypes, and values. This module is intended to help prepare you for your overseas placement through a combination of useful information and thought-provoking exercises. Being Module 3: Cross-Cultural Communication

prepared for new working and living contexts can make it easier to adjust,

minimize stress, and increase cross-cultural effectiveness on both personal and professional levels.

It’s not possible to talk about culture without making generalizations. Cultural

generalizations are statements of likelihood and potential. At best, a

generalization can tell you how people from a particular culture may behave in a given situation—not how they will behave or how they will always behave.

Cultural generalizations can be helpful in the process of learning to understand other cultures, but be ready to set them aside when it is clear they have no

meaning. Generalizations become dangerous when they result in negative

stereotyping.

1. What Is Culture?

For the purpose of this module, here is the way to think about culture: Culture is a people’s way of life, their design for living, their way of

coping with their biological, physical and social environment. It

consists of learned, patterned assumptions (worldview), concepts and

behavior, plus the resulting artifacts (material goods).

— Charles H. Kraft

A major component of a culture is its systems of values, beliefs, and material

products. First, culture includes belief systems that involve stories, or myths, the interpretation of which can give people insight into how they should feel, think, and/or behave. The most prominent systems of beliefs tend to be those

associated with formal religions; however, any system of belief in which the

interpretation of stories affects people’s behaviour—a system of superstitions,

for example—can contribute to a component of a given society’s culture.

Second, culture includes value systems. Values are formed based on how we

learned to think things ought to be or how people ought to behave, especially in terms of qualities such as honesty, integrity, and openness. Third, culture is also defined by material products such as food, clothing, and music.

Culture is often compared to an iceberg: you can see only a small portion of it,

as most of it is hidden beneath the surface. The tip of the iceberg represents the visible aspects of culture, such as behaviour, music, literature, and dress. In this analogy, the remaining huge chunk of ice beneath the surface represents the

invisible dimensions of culture, which include assumptions, values, and beliefs. Venturing into different cultures without adequate preparation can be just as

dangerous as manoeuvring a ship through icy waters without charts, hoping to

be lucky enough to avoid sharing the same fate as the Titanic!

Circumpolar Young Leaders Training

Module 3: Cross-Cultural Communication

Exercise One

Place each of the following terms in one of the two categories in the table

below, as appropriate.

Facial expressions Literature Ideas about leadership Ideas about modesty Understanding the natural wo …… 此处隐藏：24918字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……