management 企业管理类英文版PPT课件 (20)

Chapter 10 Transportation—Managing the Flow of the Supply Chain Learning ObjectivesAfter reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following:

Explain the role transportation plays in the supply chain. Discuss the service and cost characteristics of the primary transportation modes. Discuss the key activities involved in transportation planning and execution.

Learning Objectives (cont.)After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following:

Explain current transportation management strategies used to improve supply chain performance. Use service and cost metrics to analyze transportation performance. Describe how information technology supports transportation planning and execution.

Introduction Transportation

involves the physical movement of goods between origin and destination points.transportation system links geographically separated partners and facilities in a company’s supply. facilitates the creation of time and place utility in the supply chain. also has a major economic impact on the financial performance of businesses.

The

Transportation

Transportation

Role of Transportation in Supply Chain Management

Transportation provides the critical links between these organizations, permitting goods to flow between their facilities.

Transportation service availability is critical to demand fulfillment in the supply chain.Transportation efficiency promotes the competitiveness of a supply chain

Challenges to Carrying out This Role

supply chain complexity competing goals among supply chain partners changing customer requirements limited information availability synchronizing transportation with other supply chain activities

Challenges to Carrying out This Role

Transportation capacity constraints pose a challenge. Rising transportation rates present another major concern for organizations. The transportation industry is impacted by governmental requirements that affect cost structures and service capabilities. Regulation is growing in areas where the transportation industry has the potential to impact the quality of life, the safety of citizens, and the growth of commerce.

Modes of Transportation primary

modes of transportation

truck rail air water pipeline intermodal transportation

Modes of Transportation

moves approximately 19.5 billion tons valued at nearly $13 trillion Modal breakdown:

Trucking 80.0 % $635 billion Rail 06.7% Air 04.7%

Water 04.6%Pipeline 01.2%

Modes of Transportation

Motor Carriers

widely used mode of transportation in the domestic supply chain 573,469 private, for hire, and other U.S. interstate motor carriers economic structure of the motor carrier industry contributes to the vast number of carriers in the industry

comprised of for-hire and private fleet operations

Truckload c

arriers. Less-than-truckload (LTL) Small package carriers

Low fixed cost, high variable

Modes of Transportation

Modes of TransportationRailroads 7 Class I railroads revenues in excess of $290 million

Activity levels have been achieved despite a lack of direct accessibility to all parts of the supply chain Railroads are ―natural monopolies‖ Two carrier types: Linehaul Shortline carriers High fixed, low variable

Modes of TransportationWater Major facilitator of international trade 81% international freight movement 19% coastal, inland, and Great Lakes traffic High variable and low fixed cost Two primary carrier types

Liner Charter

Options include

Container ships Bulk carriers Tankers General cargo ships Roll-on, roll-off (RO–RO) vessels

Modes of TransportationAir Carriers

491 air cargo carriers Combination carriers Air cargo carriers Integrated carriers Nonintegrated carriers

Domestic market is dominated by 14 major carriers

High variable and low fixed cost

Modes of TransportationPipeline Unique mode of transportation as the equipment is fixed in place and the product moves through it in high volume 174 operators of hazardous liquid pipelines that primarily carry crude oil and petroleum products Three primary types

Gathering lines Trunk lines Refined product pipelines

High fixed versus low variable

Modes of TransportationIntermodal Transportation Use of two or more different modes in movement Greater accessibility Overall cost efficiency Facilitates global trade Development of standardized containers that are compatible with multiple modes. Product-handling characteristics

Containerized freight Transload freight