Advance with English

Unit 3 Grammar and usage

Non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句

Who is he?

who/that *The man ______ is sitting there is Brad Pitt. who/whom *The man —————— /that/- speaks to is ———she Brad Pitt. to whom *The man ______ she speaks is Brad Pitt.

who Cecilia, ______ took weight-loss pills, now realizes that health is important.

Cecilia, _______ body is thin, still whose wants to lose some weight (减 肥).

限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用 逗号隔开； 非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一 般用逗号隔开。My cousin whose father is a teacher wants to be an actor.

My cousin , whose father is a teacher , wants to be an actor.

1. A. This is the place where I lived ten years ago.B. She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao, which returned to China in 1999.

2. A. He is a man who I can ask for help.B. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday. 限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如 果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非 限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明， 如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。

有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句 会改变全句的意思。 1. I have a sister who works in a hospital. 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。(不只一位姐姐) 2.I have a sister, who works in a hospital. (只有一位姐姐) 我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。 3.All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. 里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。 (杂志有带图画和不带图画两类) 4.All the magazines here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. 所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。 (杂志只有一种)

His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二 的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非 限制性定语从句。

Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.

Fill in the blanks with proper relative words. 1. The famous basketball star, _____is an who American, came to China yesterday. 2. In those days, she used to go to Mr black, with whom she had a wonderful time. _____ 3. I bought a car yesterday,_____ cost me a which lot. 4. Xi’an, ______I visited last year, is a nice old which city. 5. He will come to see me next July, whenhe ___ won’t be so busy. 6. The school,_______I once studied, was built where thirty years ago. 7. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour,_______ was true. which

He missed the show, which was a great pity. He invited me to dinner, which made me happy.非限制性定语从句中关系代词which/as可指整个 主句的意思或一部分意思。As引导的定语从句既可 以位于句末，也可以位于句首或句中。

More examples

As everyone knows, China is a country with a long history. 正如大家

所知，中国是一个 有着悠久历史的国家。She is a teacher, as is clear from her manner.

她是位教师，这一点从她的举止可以清楚地 看出。

By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ___ can be very eyeopening and rewarding. (2007湖 南) A. who B. which C. what D. that

Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _____, of course, made the others envy (嫉妒) him. (2004天津) A. who B. that C. what D. which

Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally (就 我个人而论) I doubt (怀疑) very much. (1999全国) A. it B. that C. when D. which

非限制性定语从句中通常使用 下列关系代词和副词 关系代词：which / who / whom /whose / as 关系副词：when / where (非限制性定语从句中不用关系 词that;非限制性定语从句中关 系词不能省略)

Other examples

1. I am doing different types of which exercises, all of _______are quite helpful to my health. whom 2. Many people, some of _______are not overweight, are going on diets. 3. There are 54 students in my class, three of ________come from US. whom在of which/whom之前可以使用 表达数量或定位的数词或代词。

Last week,only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. (2007安徽) A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom