高考动词词组和被动语态讲练(有答案)

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动词和短语动词

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动词的时态和语态

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过去进行时

was/were doing

1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须 用时间状语表示) He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行 They were still working when I left. 3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生 I was writing while he was watching TV. 4.表示过去将来动作 He said she was arriving the next day. 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说

话时已 完成的动作。 I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room. 2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往 和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段时间状语连用。 He has learned English for six years. They have worked here since they left college. 3.表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/has been to”;表示“到某地 去了(还未回来)”用“have/has gone to”。 —Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the reading-room. —She knows a lot about Shanghai. -She has been there. 4.短暂动词(即瞬间动词) , join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out 等，在完成时态 中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。不能说：He has joined the army for three years. 要翻译“他已参军已经三年了。”可采用 ①“ago 法” He joined the army three years ago. ②“延续法” He has been in the army for three years. ③“since 法” It is/has been three years since he joined the army. 1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。 He had shut the door before the dog came up. Everything had been all right up till this morning. 2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到 另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。 At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words. He had been ill for a week when we learned about it. 3.常用 hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose 等动词的 过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。 We had expected that you would be able to win the match.3

现在完成时

has/have done

过去完成时

had done

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将来完成时

will/shall have done

用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作。常和 by 短 语，when, before 引起的时间状语连用。 We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term. 用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下 去)的动作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00. 表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完 成，还将继续下去。

现在完成进行 时 过去完成进行 时

has/have been doing had been doing will/shall do is/am/are going to do is/am/are(about)to do would/should do was/were going to do was/were(about)to do

一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况 (详见下面 2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较) 1.相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态 He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。 I was told that he was going to return home. 有人告诉我他准备回家。 2. would do(表示过去的习惯)总是,总会,常常 He would sit silent for hours. 他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。

过去将来时

2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较 将来时 1 be

+ doing 进行时表 将来 be about to + 动词原 形 be to + 动词原形 用 法 例 句 go, come, start, move, leave, arrive 等词可用进行 时表示按计划即将发生的动作 表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面 一般不跟时间状语 He is moving to the south. Are they leaving for Europe? I was about to leave when the bell rang. The meeting is about to close. We’re to meet at the school gate at noon. The meeting starts at five o’clock. The plane leaves at ten this evening.

2

3

表示按计划进行或征求对方意见

4

一般现在时表将来

时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一 般现在时表示将来

3.容易混淆的时态比较 项 目 区 别 例 句 We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her? A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened 说明：说话者强调 Jane 目前的状况. Mr. Lee, who ________ as a carpenter for over 10 years, is now a very famous statesman in this country. D. works A. has worked B. had worked C. worked (只说明他过去当过木匠不涉及到现在)

一般过去 时与现在 完成时的 比较

现在完成 时强调过 去动作对 现在产生 的影响或 造成的结 果

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一般过去 时只表达 过去的动 作或状态 着重表示 动作的结 果时， 用现 在完成时 现在完成 时与现在 完成进行 时的比较 着重表示 动作一直 在进行， 即 动作的延 续性时， 则 用现在完 成进行时 现在进行 时表示现 在某个时 候或某段 时间正在 进行的动 作 过去进行 时表示某 个时候或 某段时间 正在进行 的动作 一般过去 时只表达 过去的动 作或状态

Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here? A. don’t know; were you B. hadn’t known; are you C. haven’t known; are D. didn’t know; have you been 说明：didn’t know 强调见面前不知道 I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记 …… 此处隐藏：9028字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……