高中语法点总结(14)
时间:2025-02-22
时间:2025-02-22
pollution has taken the lives of many people.
空气污染已经夺去了很多人的生命。(结果:Air pollution is very serious now.)
注意:
现在完成时的上下文所指的时态必须呼应。
【误】I have bought a pen but I have lost it now.(have bought表示你现在已经有笔了,这和后面的have lost有矛盾)
【正】I bought a pen but I have lost it now.
我(过去)买了一支笔,但我已经把它丢了。
【误】I have lost my pen but I have found it now.(have lost强调你现在已经没有笔了,与后面have found的意思有冲突)
【正】I lost my pen but I have found it now.
我丢了一支笔,但现在已经找到了。
②表示经历的现在完成时
强调过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历。
Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
你去过长城吗?
I have visited Beijing at least ten times.
北京我至少访问过十次了。
She has never spent a holiday at the seaside.
她从未到海滨度过假。
③表示延续的现在完成时
这是现在完成时的“未完成”用法,表示一个动作或状态从过去某时开始,持续到现在,可能要继续下去。
He's loved fishing for a long time.
他爱好钓鱼为时已久。(他现在仍爱好钓鱼)
I have lived here for more than thirty years.
我已在这儿住了三十多年了。(也许还会继续住下去)
注意:
现在完成时的“未完成”用法既可用于动态动词(主要是持续动词),也可用于状态动词,但它一般不适用于表示短暂动作或位置转移的动词,如:open, break, go, come, arrive, leave等。如用这类动词表示“未完成”,通常只限于否定结构。
I haven't seen a film for weeks.
我已经好几个星期没看电影了。
She hasn't written to me since September.
自从9月份以来她还没给我写过信呢。
3.现在完成时的时间状语
①与现在完成时“已完成”用法连用的时间状语
现在完成时表示的动作或状态发生在现在时间以前的某个未明确指出的过去时间内,和它连用的时间状语要与现在时间有关,不能是明确地表示过去的时间状语。
a. 不确定的过去时间状语:already, yet, before, recently, lately等
I've seen the film before.
我以前看过这部电影。
Have you been there lately?
近来你去过那里吗?
b. 频度时间状语:often, sometimes, ever, never, once, rarely 等
We have never heard of that.
我们从未听说过这事。
He has sometimes played tennis.
他有时打网球。
Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.
大本钟很少出差错。
c. 包含现在时间在内
的时间状语:now, just, today, this morning, this week, this year等
I have just finished the letter now.
我现在刚写完信。
You have just missed the bus.
你刚好错