综合练习

S1: A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance.

一个人通过措辞的选择传达想法和主意，要么凭借夹杂悲喜、或亲切或刺耳的音调，要么凭借语言中固有的韵律，要么凭借流利舒缓抑或抑扬顿挫的语言节奏，要么凭借音调和说话的旋律。

S2： The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.

蕴藏在话语或者歌声音乐中的动机，和演说者的技巧、人格、以及创造心灵共振的能力一起将会决定艺术的、政治的、或者教育的交流的成功。

S3: It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.

看上去没有所有领导者都共同具备的个人素质的集合；相反，几乎任何人都可以被公认为领导者如果这个人具备符合那个特定群体需要的素质。

S4: As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.