英美文学中英文讲义

华中师范大学英语专业英美文学课中英文课堂讲义

文艺复兴时期简介 /Renaissance period introduction

1. Renaissance :between 14th and mid-17th century.

2. Renaissance means rebirth or revival, is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion.

3. the Renaissance, therefore in essence is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and Scholars made attempt to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in Medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the purity of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic church.

4. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance

(1) Capable of individual development in the direction of perfection.

(2) They inhabited was theirs not to despise by to question, explore and enjoy.

(3) By emphasizing the dignity of human being and the Importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life

(4) Tomas More, Christopher Marlow and William Shakespeare are the best representative of the English humanist.

5 Metaphysical poetry: Metaphysical is characterized by passionate thought succession of concentrated image, exercise of elaborate ingenuity and “wit”, John Done was the famous of the Metaphysical poet. The Metaphysical Poets were men of learning and to show their learning was their endeavour.

中英文双语讲解:

1． 时间界定：

It refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries.

2． 文艺复兴的理论基础：人文主义兴起。

A． 核心：Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors.

B． 基础：It was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.

3． 文艺复兴的文化背景：

A． 场所：English schools and universities were established in place of the old monasteries.

B． 印刷术的引进：William Caxton introduced printing into England .

C． 翻译的时代的出现。With the introduction of printing, an age of translation came into being.

4． 文学形式：

A.诗歌：A). 早期特点：The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.

B). 代表作家及作品:

a. Spenser’s The Shepheardes Calender showed the pastoral convention

b. In “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love,” Marlowe spoke that it would be very difficult for us to connect it with the voice in his tragedies.

c. Poetry and poetic drama were the most outstanding literary forms and carried on by Shakespeare and Ben Johnson.

B.戏剧: A). 特点: The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance

B). 作家: The most famous dramatists are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Johnson.

华中师范大学英语专业英美文学课中英文课堂讲义

Geoffrey Chaucer/杰弗里 乔叟 作者简介

（Geoffrey Chaucer, 1343 - 1400），诗人，生于富商之家，与王室关系密切.

曾数度出使法国和意大利等欧洲大陆国家，还担任过海关官员和法官等公职。乔叟的文学创作深受法国文学、特别是文艺复兴时期的意大利文学的影响，其主要作品有《公爵夫人之书》（The Book of the Dutchess）、《声誉之堂》（The House of Fame）、《百鸟议会》（The Parliament of Fowls）以及他的代表作 《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）等。

在英国文学和语言史上，乔叟有着重要的地位，他是第一位用中古英语写作的大诗人，他的诗歌运用、提纯、净化了的英国伦敦方言，奠定了近代英语文学语言的基础，又引进了意大利和法国诗歌的形式，丰富和提高了英国诗歌的表现力，因此他有“英国诗歌之父”的美誉。乔叟去世后安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂（Westminster Abbey），从此威斯敏斯特教堂的一角便成为文学大师们的安息地。

Christopher Marlowe

University wits

Important plays: Tambulaine, Dr.Faustus, The Jewof Meta Edmund II

Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of the man of the Renaissance of infinite powers and authority

(1) Perfected the blank verse.

(2) Creation of the Renaissance hero to English drama, it embodies Marlowe’s ideal of human dignity and capacity.

Dr.Faustus: aspiring for knowledge, the play’s dominant moral is human rather than religious, it celebrates the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness , it also reveals man’s frustration in realizing the high aspiration in a hostile moral order and the confinement to time is the cruelest fact of man’s condition.

文学艺术成就:

a.文体与风格Marlowe perfected the blank verse and brought vitality and grandeur into the blank verse with his “mighty lines.” Hyperbole is his major figure of speech

b.人物塑造 Marlowe’s second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama. Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition,

The selection of ActⅠfrom Dr. Faustus is mainly about Faustus is showing his great ambition, that is, if he had many souls, he would give them all to the Devil so that he could control the world. In portraying Faustus, a more introspective & philosophical figure than Tamburlaine, Marlowe praises his soaring aspiration for knowledge while warning against the sin of pride since Faustus's downfall was caused by his despair in God & trust in Devil.

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