动名词作主语和宾语

一、概念

动名词

doing现在分词

done to do

2.动名词：它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的 非谓语动词形式。基本形式为:v-ing, 动名词 具有名词的性质，因此在句中主要作主语、 宾语，在某些条件下亦可作表语、定语等。 动名词有时态和语态的变化。 二、用法 1. 动名词作主语。 注意谓语动词要用单数。 Reading is an art. 阅读是一门艺术。 Playing with fire is dangerous. Climbing mountains is really fun. Getting up early is a good habit.

动名词作主语的其他类型： 1)用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(动名 词或短语)置于句尾。注意这种用法仅限于 某些名词和形容词的固定搭配中，如： It’s no use(useless) /good doing … 干…是没 是没 用/没好处的 没好处的 It is no use crying over the spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。 It’s no use/good arguing with her. 和她争吵是没有用的。 It’s (no) fun doing… 干… 是有(无)趣的 是有( It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩 真好。

It is a shame doing… 干… 是可耻的。 是可耻的。 It`s a shame copying other`s homework. It’s a waste of time doing …干..是浪费时间的 干 是浪费时间的 It’s a waste of time waiting here. 在这里等着是浪费时间。 2) 用于there be 结构中 There is no point (in) doing… ) 做…是没有意义的 是没有意义的 There’s no point (in) getting angry. 发火没有意义。

3)动名词的复合结构作主语 Tom’s coming surprised us. His being careless led to the accident. 4)用于布告形式的省略结构中。

No smoking( =No smoking is allowed (here) ).

No parking.

注意问题：

1)动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Reading books widens our knowledge. 读书增长我们的知识。 2)动名词的被动式(being done),也可当主语。 Being laughed at is a painful thing. 被人取笑是件令人痛苦的事。 Being exposed to sunlight for too long time will do harm to one's skin. 长期暴露在阳光下对皮肤有害。 3) 动名词的否定式，是在doing前加上not. Not working hard will result in failure. His not coming back made us worried.

4) 动词不定式和动名词都可以做主语。在意 义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象 或习惯性动作；不定式多用来表示特指或某 次具体的动作。 _____(Walking/To walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. _____(Walking/To walk) in the garden is what I want to do this afternoon. 2.动名词作宾语 动名词既可作动词宾语，又可作介词宾语。 如：I enjoy learning English. How about meeting outside the theatre?

具体用法如下： 1)某些动词(短语)只能用动名词作宾语， 不能用不定式。常见的类似动词(短语)有： finish(完成), enjoy(享受), practise(练习), keep(保

持),mind(介意),miss(错过), imagine(想象), advise/suggest(建议), admit(承认), avoid(避免), risk(冒险), escape(逃避),allow/permit(允许), dislike appreciate(感激), understand(理解), delay/postpone(延期),mention(提及), deny(否认), quit(停止),excuse/pardon (原谅) resist(抵抗),forbid(禁止) feel like(想要)

2)某些短语(特别是某些含有介词的短语) 后，需要用动名词作宾语。类似的常用短语 有： ①常用的带介词 to 短语有:lead to /look forward to/devote… to /pay attention to/be(get)used to/get down to (开始认真干) /object to/be opposed to(反对)/ be addicted to (沉溺于) ②其他:can’t help (情不自禁)/insist on/feel like/put off(推迟)/can’t bear/ stand(不能忍受) feel like/ succeed in/depend on /be fond of/be worth/ in addition to/have difficulty in doing

3) 某些词后既可加不定式又可加动名词，但

意义截然不同，需要引起极大注意！如： go on to do (做完一件事后)接着做另一件事 go on doing 继续做(原来做的事) After a break, the teacher went on ____ (to give /giving) his lesson After finishing his home work, he went on____ (sweeping/to sweep) the floor. remember to do 记着要做 (动作未发生) remember doing 记得做过(动作已发生)

I remembered to post the letter. 我要记住把信寄出去。(未寄) I remembered posting/having post the letter. 我记得把信寄出去。 (已寄) forget to do 忘了去做 (没做) forget doing/having done 忘记以前曾做过 (做过忘了) I forgot to post the letter. 我忘了去寄信。(没寄) I forgot posting/having post the letter. 我忘了曾寄过信了。(寄了，但忘了)

regret to do (say/tell/inform/announce…) 遗憾地… (对将要做的事抱歉) regret doing/having done 后悔做了… (对已经发生的事感到后悔) I regret ______ (say) I can’t come. I regret _______(spend) so much money the on car. mean to do 打算做(主语一般是人) mean doing 意味着(主语一般是物) You really mean _____ (go) Being late means _____ (wait) for another hour.

try to do 设法 /尽力/努力去做 try doing 尝试着去做(看有何结果) Since the front door won’t open, why not try _____ (open) the back door? Try _____ (write) better in your exam. stop to do 停下来做(另一件事) stop doing 停止做(原来做的事) He stopped ____ (say) to his teacher on the way. When the bell rang, we stopped ______ (talk) can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做 can’t help doing 禁(忍)不住做

I can’t help ______ (cook). I’m too busy. On hearing joke, they couldn’t help _____(laugh) be used to do 被用来做 be used to doing 习惯于/适应于 Wood is used to ____ (make) paper. He has been used to_______ (get) up early. 4) 动名词表示被动意义: 动词 need, require, want 表示“需要”时，其 后跟动

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