中考 句子成分和基本句形主谓一致

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一个句子由几个成分组成。构成句子成 分有以下几种：主语、谓语、宾语是句 子的主要成分，另外还有表语、定语、 状语、宾语补足语。1.主语：主语是一个句子的主体，表 示所说的是谁或是什么，主语的位置 一般放在句首。主语一般由名词、代 词或相当于名词的词或短语组成。 I go to school by bike . Lucy is an American girl .

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Beijing is the capital of our country . Man – made satellites have been sent up by many countries .2. 谓语:用来说明主语的动作、特征、 或状态。谓语的形式有两种： 1)行为动词(包括动词短语) This happened in 1980 . He must take good care of his little sister at home today .

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He makes many things .注意：每一个句子都必须有主语和谓语动 词，缺一不可，这是句子的主要成分。 2)复合谓语(系动词+表语) The young man became a doctor . It’s getting colder and colder .

Trees turn green in spring .He was in Grade One last term .

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宾语 是动作，行为的对象。由名，代，或相

当于名词的词，短语来担任。它和及物 动词一起说明主语做什麽。在谓语之后。 分为直接宾语和间接宾语。 She is playing the piano. He often helps me. He likes to sleep in the open air. We enjoy living in China.

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及物动词和不及物动词 及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词:

see / hear / drank / eat / … I

saw him last week. We heard the bad news yesterday. They eat bread every day. He drank a glass of milk just now.

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3. 宾语: 宾语是动作的承受者，放在 谓语动词的后面。 He knows that he should work hard .Do you know what time the plane arrives ?

I go to school by bike . 有些及物动词，如：give , show , pass , send , tell , bring , teach , lend , buy , make 等可以有两 个宾语。一个指人，叫间接宾语，一个指 物，叫直接宾语。

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give sb sth = give sth to sb show sb sth = show sth to sb bring sb sth = bring sth to sb write sb sth = write sth to sb lend sb sth = lend sth to sb teach sb sth = teach sth to sb tell sb sth = tell sth to sb buy sb sth = buy sth for sb make sb sth = make sth for sb

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他教我们数学。 He teaches us maths . 请给他拿一吧一杯水。 Bring him a cup of tea , please = Bring a cup of tea to him , please我叔叔给我买了一本新词典。My uncle has bought me a new dictionary .

=

My uncle has bought a new dictionary for me .

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4.定语:定语是修饰名词或代词的句子成分 Is it your bike ? The bag on the desk is mine . The man in the white car is my father . 5. 状语: 状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词等 的句子成分，包括时间、地点、目的、结 果、条件、原因、方式、程度等。 She studies very hard .

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They are walking in the park .I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time .

Do some exercises : 说出下列句子成分。1. 2.

3. 4. 5. 6. He looks young . The young man is my brother . Oh , I must go home . What colour are they ? He’ll give us a talk . They love him very much .

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7. May I come in ? 8. He looks like her father . 9. The box is white . 10. Five of them came here yesterday. 12. He wanted one . 13. This is our first lesson . 14. They have been here for a long time . 15. The rich has lots of money .

11. We are going to watch a football match .

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英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千 变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系， 找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种 基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基 本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： S +V (主+谓) 基本句型二： S +V +P (主+系+表) 基本句型三： S +V +O (主+谓+宾) 基本句型四： S +V +IO +O(主+谓+间宾+ 直宾) 基本句型五： S +V +O +C(主+谓+宾+宾 补)

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基本句型 一S +V (主+谓) 此句型的句子有一个共同特 点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达 完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词， 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状 语从句等。

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S 1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everbody 6. I 7. They 8. He

V (不及物动词)

flies. rose. cook. eat and drink. laughed. woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday