土木工程专业英语 中英文对照 unit10
发布时间:2024-11-25
发布时间:2024-11-25
土木工程专业英语 中英文对照 unit7 Reinforced Concrete Structures 钢筋混凝土结构。配套同济大学出版社《土木工程专业英语》,苏小卒主编。
Unit 10 第十单元 Structure Steel 结构钢
土木工程专业英语 中英文对照 unit7 Reinforced Concrete Structures 钢筋混凝土结构。配套同济大学出版社《土木工程专业英语》,苏小卒主编。
教学目标 了解钢材作为结构材料的优缺点 了解不同性能的结构钢的应力-应变关系 熟悉各种描述结构钢性能、特点的词汇 熟悉科技类文献的常用句型 熟悉sharp 、drastically、substantial、 considerable、extensive、tremendously的不同含 义;decided、appreciably、visible、clearly的不 同用法;residual strain、offset strain、 scrap value的含义;normal、usual、commonly的不同 含义;follow的不同含义。
土木工程专业英语 中英文对照 unit7 Reinforced Concrete Structures 钢筋混凝土结构。配套同济大学出版社《土木工程专业英语》,苏小卒主编。
Advantages of Steel as a Structural Material 钢材作为结构材料的优点A person traveling in the United States might quite understandably decide(清楚地断定)that steel was the perfect structural material. He or she would see an endless number of(无穷无尽的)steel bridges, buildings, towers, and other structures comprising, in fact, a list too lengthy to enumerate(列举). After seeing these numerous steel structures this traveler might be quite surprised to learn(了 解)that steel was not economically made in the United States until late in the nineteenth century and the first wide-flange beams were not rolled(轧制)until 1908.
土木工程专业英语 中英文对照 unit7 Reinforced Concrete Structures 钢筋混凝土结构。配套同济大学出版社《土木工程专业英语》,苏小卒主编。
一位在美国旅行的人可能会很清楚地断定钢材是理 想的结构材料。他或她将看到无穷无尽的钢桥、钢的建 筑物、钢塔以及其它的钢结构,实际上包含的名单太长 了以至于无法列举。在观看了这些数量众多的钢结构后, 这位旅行者可能会非常惊讶地了解到在美国直到19世纪 后期钢材才被经济地制造,并且直到1908年才轧制出第 一根宽翼缘的梁。
土木工程专业英语 中英文对照 unit7 Reinforced Concrete Structures 钢筋混凝土结构。配套同济大学出版社《土木工程专业英语》,苏小卒主编。
The assumption of the perfection(完美)of this metal, perhaps the most versatile(通用的)of structural materials, would appear to be even more reasonable(合理的)when its great strength, light weight, ease of fabrication(制作), and many other desirable(理想的) properties are considered (考虑). These and other advantages of structural steel are discussed in detail(详细地)in the following paragraphs. 当考虑这种金属具有高强、轻质、易制作以及很多其它 理想的性能时,认为其完美的假定甚至显得更合理,或许它 是最通用的建筑材料。这些和其它的结构钢的优势将在下面 的段落中详细地讨论。
土木工程专业英语 中英文对照 unit7 Reinforced Concrete Structures 钢筋混凝土结构。配套同济大学出版社《土木工程专业英语》,苏小卒主编。
High Strength
The high strength of steel per unit of weight means that structure weights will be small. This fact is of great importance for long-span bridges, tall buildings, and structures having poor foundation conditions(薄弱地 基条件).
高强度
钢材每单位重量的高强度意味着结构的重量将 是小的。这个事实对大跨的桥梁、高层建筑以及有着薄弱 地基条件的结构具有重要意义。
土木工程专业英语 中英文对照 unit7 Reinforced Concrete Structures 钢筋混凝土结构。配套同济大学出版社《土木工程专业英语》,苏小卒主编。
Uniformity
The properties of steel do not change appreciably(明显地)with time, as do those of reinforcedconcrete structure.
一致性
钢材
的性能随时间的变化不明显,正如钢筋混 凝土结构的性能也随时间变化不明显。
土木工程专业英语 中英文对照 unit7 Reinforced Concrete Structures 钢筋混凝土结构。配套同济大学出版社《土木工程专业英语》,苏小卒主编。
Elasticity
Steel behaves closer to(更接近于)design assumptions than most materials because it follows(遵循) Hooke’s law up to fairly high stresses. The moments of inertia(惯性矩)of a steel structure can be definitely(确 切地) calculated, while the value obtained for a reinforcedconcrete structure are rather indefinite(不确切).
弹性
比起大多数材料,钢材的运行更接近于设计的假 定,因为它直到相当高的应力仍然遵循虎克定理。一个钢 结构的惯性矩可以确切地被计算,而钢筋混凝土结构得到 的该值是非常得不确切。
土木工程专业英语 中英文对照 unit7 Reinforced Concrete Structures 钢筋混凝土结构。配套同济大学出版社《土木工程专业英语》,苏小卒主编。
Permanence
Steel frames that are properly maintained (维护)will last indefinitely(长期地). Research on some of the newer steels indicates that under certain conditions no painting(涂漆)maintenance whatsoever (一点也不)will be required.
持久性
适当维护的钢框架将会长期地维持下去。对一些 较新钢材的研究显示在某些条件下,一点也不需要涂漆的维 护。
土木工程专业英语 中英文对照 unit7 Reinforced Concrete Structures 钢筋混凝土结构。配套同济大学出版社《土木工程专业英语》,苏小卒主编。
Ductility
The property of a material by which it can withstand extensive(大量的)deformation without failure under high tensile stresses is said to be its ductility. When a mild(低碳)or low-carbon structural steel member is being tested in tension(受拉测试), a considerable(相当大的) reduction in cross section and a large amount elongation will occur at the point of failure before the actual fracture occurs. A material that does not have this property is generally unacceptable and is probably hard and brittle and might break if subjected to a sudden shock(冲击).
延性
材料在高的拉应力下能承受大的变形而不破坏的性 能被称为是延性。当一根低碳结构钢构件正在进行受拉测试 时,在实际的断裂发生之前,在破坏点处将会发生横断面的 大大缩小以及产生很大的伸长。不具有这种性能的材料通常 是不被接受的,并且该材料可能是坚硬和脆性的,如果承受 一个突然的冲击,可能会断裂。
土木工程专业英语 中英文对照 unit7 Reinforced Concrete Structures 钢筋混凝土结构。配套同济大学出版社《土木工程专业英语》,苏小卒主编。
In structural members under normal(正常的)loads, high stress concentrations develop(形成)at various points. The ductile nature of the usual(普通的)structural steels enables them to yield locally at those points, thus preventing premature(过早的)failures. A further(另一个) advantage of ductile structures is that when overloaded their large deflections give visible (明显的)evidence of impending failure(即将破坏的迹象)(sometimes jokingly referred to as ―running time‖ ―逃跑时间”). 在正常荷载下的结构构件中,在不同的点上会形成高 应力集中。普通结构钢延性的特点使它们在这些点上局部 地屈服,这样阻止了过早的破坏。延性结构的另一个优势 是当超载时,它们的
大变形显示出明显的即将破坏的迹象 (有时候戏称为“逃跑时间”)。
土木工程专业英语 中英文对照 unit7 Reinforced Concrete Structures 钢筋混凝土结构。配套同济大学出版社《土木工程专业英语》,苏小卒主编。
In Fracture Toughness
Structural steels are tough(坚 韧的); that is, they have both strength and ductility. A steel member loaded until it has large deformations will still be able to withstand large forces. This is a very important characteristic because it means that steel members can be subjected to large deformations during fabrication and erection(安装)without fracture – thus allowing them to be bent, hammered, sheared(剪切), and have holes punched (冲孔)in them without visible damage. The ability of a material to absorb energy in large amounts is called toughness”).
断裂韧性
结构钢是坚韧的;也就是说,它们既有强度 又有延性。一根钢构件加荷至大变形时将仍然能够承受大 的力。这是非常重要的特性,因为这意味着钢构件在制作 和安装期间能承受大的变形而不断裂—这就允许它们被弯 曲、锤击、剪切以及在上面冲孔而没有明显的损害。材料 吸收大量能量的能力称为韧性。
土木工程专业英语 中英文对照 unit7 Reinforced Concrete Structures 钢筋混凝土结构。配套同济大学出版社《土木工程专业英语》,苏小卒主编。
Additions to Existing Structures
Steel structures are quite well(相当)suited to having additions made to them. New bays(节间)or even entire(整个)new wings(翼) can be added to existing steel frame buildings, and steel bridges may often be widened.
在对已有结构的添加
钢结构相当适合对其自身进行添 加。新的节间、甚至整个新的翼能被添加到已有的钢框架建 筑上,因此钢桥常常可以被加宽。
土木工程专业英语 中英文对照 unit7 Reinforced Concrete Structures 钢筋混凝土结构。配套同济大学出版社《土木工程专业英语》,苏小卒主编。
Miscellaneous
Several other important advantages of structural steel are: (a) ability to be fastened together by several simple connection devices(方法) including welds and bolts; (b) adaptation to prefabrication(预制); (c) speed of erection; (d) ability to be rolled into a wide variety of (各种 各样的) sizes and shapes; (e) fatigue strength; (f) possible reuse(再利用)after a structure is disassembled(分解), and (g) scrap value(残余价值), even though not reusable (可再利用的)in its existing form. Steel is the ultimate recyclable(可循环的)material.
其它
结构钢其它的一些重要优点是:(a)能够通过一些 简单的连接方法包括焊缝和螺栓将其连接起来;(b)适合预 制;(c)安装速度;(d)能够轧制成各种各样的尺寸和形 状;(e)疲劳强度;(f)在结构被分解后可能的再利用; 以及(g)残余价值,即使不能以其已有的形式被再利用。钢 材是最终可循环的材料。
土木工程专业英语 中英文对照 unit7 Reinforced Concrete Structures 钢筋混凝土结构。配套同济大学出版社《土木工程专业英语》,苏小卒主编。
Disadvantages of Steel as a Structural Material 钢材作为结构材料的缺点
In general, steel has the following disadvantages. 通常,钢材具有下列缺点。
土木工程专业英语 中英文对照 unit7 Reinforced Concrete Structures 钢筋混凝土结构。配套同济大学出版社《土木工程专业英语》,苏小卒主编。
Maintenance Costs
Most steels are susceptible to(易 受..影响)corrosion(锈蚀)when freely(直接地) exposed to air and water and must therefore be periodically (定时
地)painted. The use of weathering(风化)steels, in suitable design applications, tends to eliminate(避免)this cost.
维护费用
大多数钢材在直接暴露于空气和水中时容易 锈蚀,因此必须被定时地涂漆。在合适的设计应用中,采用 风化的钢材往往能避免该费用。