英美文化结课小论文

文化和艺术

什么是文化，文化是相对于经济政治而言的人类全部精神活动及其产品。它包括艺术、文学、科学、教育，笼统的来说文化的意思是指人类在社会历史发展过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和，特指精神财富。

What is culture? Culture is all human mental activity and its products, relative to economic and political. It includes art, literature, science, education. In general, it means the sum of the material and spiritual wealth especially spiritual wealth created in the process of development of human society.

什么是艺术，艺术用形象来反映现实但比现实更有典型性的社会意识形态，包括文学、绘画、雕塑、建筑、音乐、舞蹈、戏剧、电影、曲艺等，他们是可以表达美的行为或事物。其实文学在某种程度上可以归类到艺术，艺术的概念非常宽泛，例如几何作为一种数学科目也可以归类到其中。艺术作为一种文化现象，大多为满足主观与情感的需求，亦是日常生活进行娱乐的特殊方式。其根本在于不断创造新兴之美，借此宣泄内心的欲望与情绪，属浓缩化和夸张化的生活。 What is art? Art reflects reality, and the social ideology which is more typical than reality, with images. It includes literature, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, dance, theater, film, opera, etc., which express beauty. In fact, literary can be classified into the arts to some extent. Artistic concept is so broad that geometry as a mathematical subjects can be classified into it. As a cultural phenomenon, art mostly meets the subjective and emotional needs as special way of having daily entertainment. The fundamental is constantly creating new beauty, showing deep desire and emotion. So art is concentrated and exaggerated life.

艺术与文化的关系，艺术与文化的发展是统一的，艺术是文化的重要内涵与组成部分，而文化是艺术的渊源与内容。现代通过文化来批评艺术和通过艺术来批评文化成为艺术与文化共同发展的重要表现形式。文化和艺术互相影响，一个时代的艺术发展，通常和那个时代的文化，政治大背景脱离不了关系。艺术是它所属的文化的反映和代表，艺术起到了‘文化自然意识’的作用，可知艺术和文化的关系是表现和被表现的关系，归属和被归属的关系。

The relationship between art and culture is in the following aspects. Art and cultural development is uniform, because art is the meaning and an important part of culture and culture being the origin and content of art. By criticizing modern art through culture and culture through art has become an important form that art and culture achieve common development. Art and culture influence each other that artistic development of an era is usually related with the cultural and political background of that era. Art is a reflection and representation of culture to which it belongs, playing a ‘culture’s natural awareness' role. In the relationship between art and culture, one is expressed or belonged by the other.

艺术是民族文化底蕴的反映物，民族的文化又总是为它的艺术所反映出来。首先，艺术在人类文化中的地位，表现在艺术参与和推动，并体现和反映着人类文化的变化与发展。例如：今天在全球化消费文化的冲击下，大量的商品广告的具有艺术品位档次的精美制作便是艺术参与和推动、体现和反映着当代人类文化

的变化与发展的明证。同时艺术作为文化的一个独特的组成部分，它在人类文化中的地位只是整个文化大系统中的一个子系统，必然从属和依附于文化大系统，并受到制约和影响（中国的第一部动画片“孙悟空大闹天宫”的造型设计全是用的中国民间剪纸的艺术形式制作的），文化提高对艺术的境界与认识、表达方式、看待方式、理解方式都有着不可忽视的推动作用。

Art is a reflection objects of the national cultural heritage and it do reflect the national culture. First, art participates the change and the development of human culture, in the same time promoting, embodying and reflecting it, showing the status of art in human culture. For example: Under the impact of global consumer culture, it has appeared commercial advertising with fine arts grade level, that can be an evidence of the role and status of art. Meanwhile as a distinct part of the culture, art is only a subsystem in the entire cultural system, subordinated and dependent on cultural systems, and subject to constraints and impact. Such as China's first cartoon "Monkey King" use Chinese folk paper-cut to design the whole art form. Cultural improvement is significant for improving and enhancing the recognizing realm and the way of observing, understanding and expressing.

中国文化中的国画

比如中国画融诗、书、画、印为一体，代表了一个国家、一个民族的文化修养和内涵。中国画注重个体心灵的体悟，常常于静寂观照中，求返于自己内心深处的心灵节奏，以结合宇宙内部的生命节奏。中国画的画面不仅仅呈现人物、山水、花鸟、走兽、虫鱼等形象，它还需要诗句、书法、印章的相互搭配。中国画的造型，不像其他画种那样特别强调形似，进入画面的客体已经被画家主观改造，看上去“形”并不准确，但艺术张力却是浑厚的。中国画的最终效果，不是看清了画面形象就算结束，画面以外的意境远远超出画面本身。中国国画普遍的艺术手法：留白，给人一种自然通达的感觉，这与我国的文化底蕴和道家思想有密切关系。

For example, Chinese paintings contain poetry, books, paintings a …… 此处隐藏：11584字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……