Grammar

找出下面 ing形式在句子中所充当 的成分 1.Reading aloud is very helpful. 主语 2.We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 宾语 3.The film is exciting. 表语 4.The man speaking to the 定语 teacher is our monitor's father. 5. They kept me waiting at the gate. 宾语补足语

6.Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 完成…后(时间状语) 7.Being a League member, he is always helping others. 作为…(原因状语) 8.Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 如果…(条件状语) 9.He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 结果状语 10.The students came into the lab, following their teacher. 伴随状语

小结-ing 形式的用法1. –ing 形式作状语

用法

例句

时间 Walking along the street, I met Mary. (= While I was walking along the street….)在街上走的时 候，我遇到了玛丽。

用法

例句

原因 Being tired, I stopped to take a rest.(= Because I was tired, ….) 因为疲倦，我停下来休息。条件 Turning to the left, you will find the school. (= If you turn to the left, ….)向左走，你就会找到那个 学校。

用法

例句

让步 Knowing where I live, he never come to see me . (= Though he knows where I live, ….) 尽管他知道我的住处， 但从不来看我。

用法

例句

伴随 I stood there, waiting for her. (= …, and waited for her.) 我站在 那儿等她。 结果 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area.(= It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.)在这个地方 雨下的如此大，以至引发了洪灾。

2. –ing形式的完成式 Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater. The –ing form used as an adverbial.Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice. Having + past participle (the perfect -ing form) to refer to an action that took place before the time expressed by main verb.

句 主 Having +p.p. …, 主语+谓语 型动 被 (Having been) +p.p. …, 主语+谓语 动 用法 –ing形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓 语动词之前 表示被动可直接用过去分词 例句 Having finished my work, I went home. (= After I had finished my work, ….)工作做完只后，我就回家了。

例句： Having been written in haste, the book has some faults. 这本书因仓促写成， 所以有些缺憾。

3. 使用- ing形式需注意的几个 问题。 分词 (短语) 作状语时, 其逻辑主语必 须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致， 必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是 在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。

My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together. 我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间, 解释 她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。

(现在分词explaining是句子主语my wife 做的动作,它们之间是主动关系, 即 explaining的逻辑主语

,就是句子的主 语my wife 。) The train having gone, we had to wait another day.(the train逻辑主语 + having gone 即为独立主格结构)

分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词 或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能 用并列连词(如but,and),因为并列连 词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只 是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之 间可用逗号。

例如: 误: Having been told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. 正: He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. 或 Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.