Unit 4

Vocabulary

1． Translate the following expressions,

Into English

1. stay away from sth

2. wind its way up to the mountain

3. peek through the window

4. address university students

5. grab sb's arm

6. set out for a place

7. avoid eye contact

8. pick up one's pace

9. snatch a purse 10. do yoga

11. keep one's head down

12. row a boat

13. escape punishment

14. lose one's bearings

15. unroll the sleeping bag

16. whip round

17. rip out the intestines

18. camp out

Into Chinese

1.—件花格呢衬衣

2.矿泉水

3.角边眼镜

4. 创建公园的管理人员

5.享有特权的人的领地

6.老年公民

7..拦路强盗

8. 娱乐中心

9.一帮男孩

10. 一条供人跑步的小路

11.密不透风的树叶

12.帝国大厦

13.方向感

14.在触手可及的地方：

15.没有教养的人

16.—次美的体验

17.乱冲乱撞寻衅,

18.从不间断记日记的人

19.供游人遛马的小道

2. Replace the parts in bold type with appropriate words and expressions from the text

1. rounded; came upon; assaulting

2. avoid eye contact; is panicking

3. frighten away

4. spotted; got my bearings; emboldened

5. enveloped; on my own

6. shrieking; whipped round

7. involuntarily called up the memory of; being sexually assaulted; pick up my pace/bolt

8. consume staggering quantities of

9. resumed; drifted from... to another

3. Translate the following sentences into English.

1.I saw a boat drifting along the river. I do not intend to be like this boat, drifting through life aimlessly.

2. The peach trees in the valley were in full blossom, making it difficult to tear herself away from them. Some distance apart from her she saw a little hut with sweet country music drifting out of its windows.

3. After my marriage, my friends and I drifted apart a little, and I was completely out of my element among those business people I had to work with. Their business discussions

bored me stiff.

4. They already have all the necessary elements for a civil war. The international community has appealed to both sides for a peaceful settlement of their disputes.

5. Many people think that the church is losing its appeal although it has accumulated more and more wealth.

6. The idea of business expansion appeals to me. Today the economy of many of our trade partners is beginning to pick up speed. Our domestic market is also projected to recover

next year.

7. Reform always contains some elements of risk, but we risk a lot more without reform. Today most people find further reform appealing although there is bound to be opposition.

8. He was furious (infuriated) when he read the letter. He tore it up and threw it into the wastepaper basket. Then he ripped a piece off his coat and using his own blood as ink, wrote his last letter.

9. In hindsight (Looking back), we all feel that it was foolish to tear down (demolish) this beautiful city wall.

10. You wait at home. I'll come and pick you up at around seven. Don't worry. The doctor has assured us that her health will pick up soon.

4．Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

1. on, into, out

2. within, as, toward

3. in, to

4. by, out of/from

5. On, up, off

6. on

7. with

8. on, at, at

9. out, to

10. across, for

5. Point out and correct mistake(s) you find in the following sentences.

1. "Platitude" cannot be very interesting because it has been repeated so many times by so many people and you will not assume that people have most likely never heard of it.

2. A day that is cold will not be muggy. "Muggy" means unpleasantly warm and humid. 'To remain away from" is not the usual phrase. We say "to stay away from."

3. "His nocturnal hammering" means his hammering throughout the night. It cannot happen in the day.

4.... peeked through the impenetrable foliage: If it's impenetrable you cannot see clearly. In fact you can't see anything at all.

5. If you were certain where you were you would not have lost your bearings.

6. We usually say "grab" or "snatch" or "seize" instead of "grasp." Besides, women often carry purses rather than wallets which are usually for men. Then, people do not bolt calmly. They bolt when they run suddenly, especially when frightened.

7. The woman was so frightening: The woman was "frightened," not "frightening." she started yelling uncontrollably: People usually yell when they are angry or excited Here "scream," "shriek" or "exclaim" will be more appropriate.

8. a small boulder: "A boulder" is a very large stone or rock, therefore "a small boulder" is a contradiction in terms unless the boulder is small by comparison, though still too big be called a stone, and a boulder naturally is not something your sister can swing, swung it into the lake: The usual word is "throw" (or fling, toss, pitch, hurl). To swin£ something usually means a circular movement or a movement from side to side with one end fixed.

9. condescending tune: It should be "condescending tone."

10. a strong cold breeze: "A breeze" cannot be strong. It is light, gentle and soft.

11. If something is at its most popular, it means that it can be enjoyed by ordinary people. (Unless you specify that it is popular with a certain type of people.)

12. "Glare" means a harsh bright light. It is highly doubtful that you can see twinkling stars in the sky in a glare.

shockingly beautiful: "Shockingly" usually has a negative connotation"

13. We do not usually associate "lovely kids" with "on a rampage." And it is highly to have parents "zooming through the park with their kids on the rampage."

14. whipped round slowly: "to whip round" is to turn round suddenly.

15. drizzle heavily: "Drizzle" is to rain in very small drops, "to drizzle heavily" is example of contradiction in terms.

all damp through and through: "Damp" means slightly wet.

6. Study the following sentences. Ray attention to euphemisms—use of pleasant, mi or indirect words and phrases in place of more accurate or direct ones.

1. visit the necessary: euphemism for "going to the toilet'

2. passed away: euphemism for "died"

3. What he said about his relationship with the secretary was not just misleading. It w bare-faced lie. "Misleading" therefore is a euphemism. So is "behave inappropriately.

4. in his birthday clothes: euphemism for "naked'

5. a little argument: It couldn't have been just a little argument if one ended up with “ a blackened eye," and the other "a few stitches.

6. had not had any movements for four days: euphemism for "excretion'

7. night soil: euphemism for "human waste," "feces," or "excrement"

8. slow achievers: euphemism for "poor students"

9. elderly citizens: euphemism for "old people" a little overweight: euphemism for "obesity"

10. underprivileged people: euphemism for "poor people"

developing countries: euphemism for "underdeveloped countries"

Grammar

1. Identify the subject in these sentences, and put in the blanks the right verb in brackets.

1. (every Park official, city administrator, and police officer) tells, (they) agree

2. (the police) were

3. (convictions) were

4. (Much) is

5. (struggle) is

6. (suggestion) was

7. (opinions) prove

8. (many a man) is

9. (cluster) was

10. (Methodists) were

11. (combination) was

2. Learn more about the function and use of except

1 Study and summarize the use of except functioning as conjunction and preposition. The word "except" in these 10 sentences is either used as preposition or conjunction.

1 As preposition, both "except" and "except for" are used to introduce the only person, thing, action, fact, or situation about which a statement is not true. There is no difference between "except" and "except for" except that at the beginning of a sentence, you must use "except for." 2 As conjunction, "except" is not used by itself to introduce a clause, and it is used with that or a w/z-word (what/when/where/if, etc.).

3 "Except" is often used with a prepositional phrase, e.g. except in/by/to, etc.

4 "Except" is also often used with an infinitive phrase with or without "to."

1. except + prepositional phrase

2. except +1ha/-clause

3. except + noun phrase

4. except + to-infinitive phrase

5. except for + noun phrase

6. except + fo-infinitive phrase

7. except for + noun phrase

8. except + when-clause shortened

9. except + prepositional phrase

10. except + that-clause

2 Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets using except.

1. except an explosion

2. except to play a guitar

3. except (to) relieve his pain

4. except for about five minutes

5. anything except in music

6. except maybe to those who were dying

7. except in our memory, except in our expectations of it

8. except that yours are a little more radical

9. except in sleep/dreams

10. except how they got to know the criminal's exact whereabouts

3 Translate these sentences using except.

1. The climate of my hometown is pleasant except in January and August.

2. Except when he is unwell, Wang Ning spends about 40 minutes a day jogging.

3. About his special mission he told his family nothing except that he had to be away business for some time.

4. His parents know that they don't have to do much for their son except to let him be himself.

5. They asked for nothing except what was rightfully theirs.

3. Study and analyze the grammatical structure of these involved sentences.

1. This is a compound complex sentence. The two coordinate clauses are connected by conjunction "and." In the first coordinate clause Subject: anybody Predicate: knows Object: the city's essential platitude Subordinate clauses:

1) "who knows anything about New York" modifying the subject "anybody"

2) "that you don't wander around Central Park," a noun clause which is in apposition to the object "the city's essential platitude"

Ill the second coordinate clause:

Subject: the appeal

Predicate: in that was (the order of the link verb **was" and the predictive "in that" being inverted)

Subordinate clause: it was the thing you don't do (here it is in apposition to the subject "the appeal")

"Needless to say" is a parenthetical remark expressing the writer's opinion that what he says is obvious.

2. This is also a compound complex sentence. The two coordinating clauses are connected by "but." They are:

1) The park is now framed... by the city... (Here "enveloped even" is a parenthetical remark.)

2) ... there was no escaping the recognition that this city... was very beautiful, ("com man-made, glaringly obtrusive, consuming wasteful and staggering quantities electricity and water and energy": This can be considered a shortened concession claw

with the conjunction "though" omitted.)

4. Translate paragraphs 4-6 of the selection into Chinese.

他站在下车的地方正犹豫不决的时候，听见那些年轻人向他走来，不仅是从他见到那些 身影所在的那个方向，其他方向也有人朝他逼近。没人说话，这些人的目的也难以形容，他 清晰地捕捉到的风中的脚步声.这地方真是经过精心挑选：他的身后是那所修道院的高墙， 此时大门牢牢紧闭，求救的人到死也不会打开。路的另一侧是废物堆，堆满了铁丝网、废铁 和废旧车身。这可是他唯一的希望，他向此地挪去，却发现这里也有他们的人，他听见了口 哨声。

他立刻感到恐惧，非常恐惧，从全身直到鼻孔都感到恐惧。就在此时，那几个年轻人中 有一个开口下了命令。他知道自己已深陷绝境，但这反而突然给了他力量，使他怒不可遏。 他挥舞着手中沉重的手杖，向废墟跑去。黑暗中一个身影逼近了他，他把棍子挥向那影子， 只听到了低低的一声痛苦呻吟。接着他拼命冲向那片堆满了废铁丝、废电线、废铁、废旧汽车的荒地。

不知是什么东西抓住了他的一条腿，他挥舞着手杖啪的一声打了下去，发现那不是人，只是一块刀刃般锋利的废铁。他抽泣着，喘着气，继续向前冲进那堆废料中，那几个年轻人也在后面紧跟不舍，时而撞到废车的车身，时而踢到空罐头和破铁桶。他跌进了一堆奇形怪状的铁丝里，铁丝都带倒刺，撕扯着他的衣服，割伤了他的皮肉，他陷在里面动弹不得，看来死神已经逼近。他已没有其他逃过这一劫的办法，只得喊叫，"救命！救命！”，这呼救声本应拼命喊叫出来，但实际上他并没能叫出声来，只是在大口喘气。他使劲地试图挣脱铁丝，而那些铁丝也撕扯着他，撕破了他的脸和双手。