which is equal to the practical engineering of reinforced concrete bridge piers. The presence of a horizontal force greatly reduced the concrete-filled steel tubular pier bearing performance. And the performance of piers which have stiffeners has been improved although the effect is not so obvious.

5) The standard BS 5400 (2005), which is used to calculate the concrete-filled steel tubular pier, needs to be modified in order to calculate bearing capacity of the concrete-filled steel tubular with thicker tubular wall.

Keywords: Medium-walled; Concrete-filled cold-formed steel columns; Pier

Experimental research; Bearing capacity; Finite element analysis