Unit 01

a) – Good morning, General Computers. How can I help you ?

– Good morning. May I speak to Ms. Jerkins, please? I need

to know if she has worked out the project plan yet.

b) – We have to sort out the most talented programmers for this significant project. – Well, Beth is always keeping track of the programmers’performances.

You can ask for his opinion.

c) – You mean we have to depend on our clients in finding a best solution?

– No, what I meant was that they must play a more active role in defining the software. They need to brief us on their exact needs.

d) – So far we have figured out the one best solution for our project.

– Great. What did you come up with ? Tell me about it.

e) – You said your team won’t use Java. That doesn’t sound like you.

– Well, because of the current schedule of this project, our programmers won’t have enough time to get familiar with Java. Only three of us are certified Java programmers.

a) You are calling Mr. Franklin, and he doesn’t know who you are.

Hello, Mr. Franklin, this is Stephanie Neilson of Creation Software.

b) You are asking a client, Ms. White, to send you a User Requirements Document.

Ms. White, I am wondering if you could send me a User Requirements Document?

c) Ms. White wants to add a new user scenario to the software, and you want to know more about it.

Ms. White, would you please tell me more about the scenario?

d) You have to tell Mrs. Wood that the program designed for her company won’t be able to incorporate an online payment system.

Mrs. Wood, I’m afraid to tell you that the program won’t include an online payment system. e) You need to ask a client whether there is any technical jargon that needs explaining in the feasibility report you sent to him/her.

Since you’ve looked at the feasibility report, I’m calling to make sure there is no technical jargon we need to explain in it.

Translations.

a) This document is a report on the feasibility study conducted on the proposed solutions for the Planet Tracking Software.

这份文档是关于行星追踪软件若干解决方案的可行性研究报告。

b) The software should be able to control the motors such that the mirrors and the unit can be aligned in all desired configurations.

这个软件应该可以控制电机，使镜体和跟踪仪可以在所有预想配置下对齐。

c) The first technical constraint that was considered for coming up with the possible solutions was that the system has to work on the Windows operating system.

对于备选的解决方案，第一个需要考虑的技术限制是系统必须运行在Windows操作系统上。

d) The advantage of this solution is that all 5 members of the group are well-versed in the programming language chosen.

这个解决方案的优点是小组内的5名成员都十分精通所选定的编程语言。

e) Under the proposed scenario, the user would be able to take up to 100 measurements a day depending on what type of measurement is being taken.

在该场景下，用户一天应能进行多达100次测量，具体数目取决于测量类型。

f) Hence this solution does not translate into a learning curve for any of the members. 因此这项解决方案对于组员来说没有学习上的难度。

g) The second critical section is where the code determines the coordinates of a celestial object using the time provided.

第二个关键之处在于使代码根据提供的时间来确定星体坐标。

h) As is apparent from the Gantt chart, accommodating the time required to develop the plug-in leads to conflict with the deadlines.

从甘特表中可以清楚地看到，开发插件所需的时间将会和截止时间发生冲突。

Unit 02

a) – What if we just used a free scheduling software to keep

track of the progress? That would save quite a bit.

– I’m afraid that’s not workable. I don’t know of any decent free scheduler. b)– I think if we use the legacy HTML files instead of putting together new stuff with http://, we’ll save a whole lot of time.

– But there is no way we would give thousands of HTML files to the clients. We don’t deliver inferior products.

c) – We’d really appreciate it if you can port the software to GNU/Linux

environment, as long as that won’t be a big problem for you.

– I understand your concern. But do we have to release it

as free software under the GPL license?

d)– We have to reschedule. I think that’s why we’re all here today. Well, do

you think it’s better if we develop the software in multiple versions?

– That sounds great. We will win a lot of extra time if we can persuade the client.

e) – Do you mean that our program crashed due to a security leak? But according to our investigation, the downtime was due to a vulnerability in your Windows system. – I see your point. Thank you for the information. Maybe we need

to update our operating system more often.

a) You are calling a colleague, Gary, for a due report. Ask him if he is busy right now. Hi, Gary. Do you have a minute? Can you send me the report right away?

b) Ask what is troubling a colleague who is calling you, and offer help.

So, what kind of problem are you having now? I’ll do everything I can to help you.

c) Tell Mr. Ford that you just want to check out if he is satisfied with the current project plan. Hello, Mr. Ford. I am calling concerning the current project plan. Are you satisfied with it?

d) You are asking if the client company can assign two of their software engineers into your development team.

We found that we needed two more software engineers. Would you assign two of your people into our development team?

e) You are reassuring a client, Ms. Black, that the project will be completed on time.

Rest assured, Ms. Black, the program will be delivered to you before the deadline.

Translations.

a) The objective of this Software Development Plan is to define the development activities in terms of the phases and iterations required for implementing a computerized class registration system for Zhonghua University.

这份软件开发计划的目的是从实施中华大学计算机化课程注册系统所需的开发阶段和迭代周期等方面详细说明诸多开发活动。

b) This Software Development Plan describes the overall plan to be used by General

Computers Corporation for developing the Course Registration System for Zhonghua University. 这份软件开发计划描述了通用电脑公司为中华大学开发计算机化课程注册系统的整体计划。

c) Other artifacts will be produced, as described in the project development case, but are not intended to be delivered to the maintenance organization.

正如项目开发样例中指出的，会产生其它一些工件，但不会把它们交付给维护机构。 d) The Course Registration System is similar in complexity and architecture to the Online Library System, built for Zhonghua University in 1999.

这个课程注册系统与1999年为中华大学构建的在线图书馆系统在复杂性和整体结构上类似。

e) A Work Breakdown Structure is being prepared, and will be provided in the next version of this document.

任务分解体系正在准备当中，并将出现在该文档的下个版本中。

f) Each phase consists of development iterations in which a subset of the system is

developed.

每一阶段包括若干开发迭代周期，各周期开发整个系统的子集。

g) To accommodate the changes, Rational RequisitePro will be used to manage the product requirements and to keep track of release content.

为了适应变化，将采用Rational RequisitePro来管理产品需求并记录发布版本内容。 h) In addition, there will be internal releases, to maintain a regular heartbeat to help keep the project on track, and to allow for the possibility of additional releases after the initial release, if needed.

另外，将会发布内部版本，以保持常规步调，保证项目走在正轨上，如果需要的话，也能保证初次发布之后继续发布的可能性。

Unit 03

a) –In my opinion, we’ll need to spend more time on the design phase.

– I agree, but now that we’ve spent an extra week in recruitment, we

really have little time left.

b)– Well, the current design is quite enough. That is to say, we have nearly

everything we need.

– All right. Send me the design specs, and I’ll have a look.

c) – I think it may be better to design a new developing environment for this project.

– I don’t know, but what if the new platform cost us too much and affected our rate of progress?

d)– We can’t drop the current design and make another just based on your report.

– Well, I’ve said enough. Most importantly, please consider its feasibility.

e) – The new component sounds good. Could you tell me more about its functions? – OK. In short, it provides a speech recognition interface for users to input text.

a) You are rephrasing that the current SRS is not usable because of excess jargon.

That is to say, with so much jargon, the SRS cannot be delivered to the clients.

b) You think highly of a colleague’s proposal, but it may take too much time to apply it. It would be a great proposal, but it may cost us too much time.

c) You suggest a more economical option: using SQL Server instead of Oracle.

I think it may be better to use SQL Server instead of Oracle. It’s more economical. d) After a discussion with a colleague, try to find out if there are any other issues.

OK, so is there anything else we looked over?

e) You are telling a client, Ms. Mueller, and you’ve looked into all the solutions

and decided to take the third one.

Now, after looking into all the solutions, we found that the third one is the

best, and we’ll take it.

VTS is started and it starts TCP listener at the specified IP and Port, and loads all VT IMEI from database;

车辆跟踪系统启动后将在指定的IP地址和端口号启动一个TCP监听程序，并从数据库中载入所有车辆跟踪器的IMEI；

The VT is powered on and comes into GPRS coverage areas, and then the VT attaches to the GPRS network and creates an active GPRS connection;

车辆跟踪器在电源启动后，如果进入GPRS覆盖范围，它就能接入GPRS网络并且激活GPRS连接；

The VT creates a TCP connection to the fixed IP and Port, and VTS gets the connection request at the listener and accepts the connection;

车辆跟踪器创建一个TCP连接到固定的IP地址和端口，车辆跟踪系统在监听端收到连接请求并接受该连接；

The VT sends login message, when the IMEI of the VT is sent as the id, VTS verifies IMEI and decides to accept or reject this connection;

车辆跟踪器发送登录消息，以IMEI作为身份码，车辆跟踪系统验证IMEI并决定接受还是拒绝该连接；

Connection is set up, and VT sends Location Record in T-TCP protocol to the VTS;

连接建立后，车辆跟踪器通过T-TCP协议向车辆跟踪系统发送位置记录；

The VTS gets Location Record, sends location to G-Tech Server by GTHttpRequest class, and gets return in XML format;

车辆跟踪系统收到位置记录并将其通过GTHttpRequest类发送给G-Tech服务器，再接收XML格式的返回信息；

The VTS processes the returned address info from G-Tech Server and sends address info to the LCS;

车辆跟踪系统处理G-Tech服务器返回的地址信息，并将其发送给位置信息收集系统； If the LCS needs to send command to the VTS, the VTS will encode command and send encoded command to the particular VT.

如果位置信息收集系统需要向车辆跟踪系统发出命令，车辆跟踪系统会对命令进行编码，然后将编码后的命令发送给特定的车辆跟踪器。

Unit 04

a) –I figured that there would be a new engineer assigned to our group.

– Precisely! The young man over there will be on our team from next Monday.

b)– Well, Ms. Jones. I called to ensure that you have everything you need.

– Thanks, Mr. Brown. But could you tell me more about

the architecture of the new codecs?

c) – The point is, we can’t spend more than one month in designing. That’s too costly. – I tend to disagree. Well, maybe we need to look into this some more.

d)– Would you mind telling Mike that a design document is ready for his inspection?

– Well, I guess he should be available by now. I’d better transfer you through to him. e)– That’s an absolutely great idea! You are really something !

– Thank you for your comment. I guess we’d better run this past our Project Manager first.

a) Tell a friend how to uninstall a certain program.

First you have to open the Control Panel, and then you click Add or Remove Programs. For the third step, find out the program you need to uninstall. Click the uninstall button, and that’s it.

b) Introduce the two items on the meeting agenda: a presentation by Mr. Wang and a group discussion.

Today we have two items on the agenda: Mr. Wang will give us a presentation, and we will hold a group discussion about it.

c) You need to explain the procedure of enabling Windows XP Firewall to a friend.

First you have to open Network Connections, and then you right click the current connection and select Properties. In the Advanced tab, enable the Internet Connection Firewall. That’s it. d) You are going to brief your boss/head teacher on what your routine workflow/study plan is. Well, I usually … at 7 am, and then I ……

e) You have to explain how to synchronize data between a PDA and a desktop PC through a USB connection.

First, connect the PDA with the PC with a USB cable. Then make sure the PC recognizes it. Now run a synchronizer program, and that’s it.

The existing software will write the records to the existing SQL database and provide the user interface.

现有的软件将记录写入已有的SQL数据库并提供用户接口。

Session Manager is a working thread which manages all VT-VTS TCP communication sessions.

对话管理员是一个管理车辆跟踪器与车辆跟踪系统之间TCP通信对话的工作线程。 Consumers are empowered with the ability to keep watch of their investments from any computer connected to the Internet.

消费者可以通过连接到因特网的任意一台计算机随时跟踪他们的投资情况。

Its main purpose is to manage the incoming message flow to ensure that incoming messages are not lost.

它的主要目的是管理进入的消息流，并保证它们没有丢失。

The outQueue can store and manage VT update command message from Application Server or other messages which should be sent to VT.

outQueue能够存储和管理来自应用服务器的车辆跟踪器更新命令消息或者发送到车辆跟踪器的其它消息。

J2EE Application Server can do dynamic MDB loading according to different situations, and it can balance connection loads according to different system loads.

J2EE应用服务器可以根据不同情况进行MDB动态载入，也可以根据不同的系统负载均衡连接负载。

If connection is invalid or should be closed, close interface of Connection Manager will be invoked to close socket connection.

如果连接无效或应被关闭，连接管理员将激活关闭接口以关闭套接字连接.

After a connection is accepted, if the first message is not the login message, the connection will be dropped directly.

同意建立连接后，如果会话创建前的第一个消息不是登陆信息，那么该连接将直接停止。

Unit 05

a) – It would be better to gradually work our way up to these new projects next year.

– I agree. That way, it might demonstrate a year's worth of understanding as opposed to this mad dash to meet deadlines.

b)– Please remember to be strict about deadlines. We expect all the group members to complete the work they’ve committed themselves to.

– Thanks, Mr. Johnson. This time around, we won’t let you down.

c) – Oh, it should be something like this: a complex system that handles and verifies all the connections.

– I’ve got it. You advice is of great help to us.

d) – For a systems analyst, I guess it is essential to be familiar with UML or other modeling languages.

– Right.On the other hand, developers should also learn to speak the same language. e) – You seem to have something in your mind. Just go ahead.

– Actually, I think the current design is flawed in terms of its feasibility. We can review it from another perspective.

a) You think very highly of a colleague’s report because of its logical structure.

Your report is great and I appreciate its logical structure.

b) You want to know more about what to include in a Detailed Design Specification. I’m not very familiar with software design, so what is there to include in a Detailed Design Specification?

c) You suggest it may be better to use UML than just to describe each one of the procedures. Wouldn’t it be better to use UML than just describing each one of the procedures?

d) You offer to help a co-worker, Philips, but you need to understand how you can be helpful. I’d like to help you. But would you tell what I should do to be helpful?

e) You propose to design a software architecture according to chronological sequence instead of the planned spatial sequence.

In my opinion, it would be better to design according to chronological sequence rather than the planned spatial sequence.

a) This Architectural Design Specification (ADS) is sufficient for the project manager to draw up a detailed implementation plan and to control the overall project during the remaining development phases.

项目经理使用架构设计说明书就足够制定详细实现计划并在余下的开发阶段控制整个项目。

b) Object orientation must be employed in the design of the software to meet these requirements.

为了满足这些需求，软件设计中必须使用面向对象的方法。

c) The program must be able to run on an Intel Pentium III based IBM-compatible PC running Windows 2000 or above, which is the minimum running environment.

程序的最低运行环境是英特尔Pentium III处理器，运行Windows 2000或以上操作系统的IBM兼容个人电脑。

d) The software will be used primarily by members of the iRobot Corporation for developing a new customer robot model.

这套软件主要供iRobot公司的员工使用，以开发一个新的用户机器人模型。

e) Class names will be documented in the same way as variable names, except that the first letter must be a capital letter, for instance: Robot.

除首字母需为大写字母以外，例如Robot，类名的书写方法与变量名相同。

f) Any external resources to the software must report itself to the Robot class as an observer in order to receive information.

为了接收信息，软件的任何外部资源必须向Robot类声明自己是一个观察器。

g) The Part class contains a number of virtual methods which are implemented in the children of Part.

Part类中包含一些在其子类中实现的虚拟方法。

h) After having calculated this angle we determine whether to rotate the joint over this angle.

计算角度后，我们再决定是否按这个角度旋转结合点（关节）。

Unit 06

a) – I guess a new year is a good time for breaking old habits. We should start to make the new development regulations work from now on.

– That sounds great, but are you sure your guys have made the regulations clear enough to put into effect?

b)– There is a problem with the syntax in these lines. Have you checked the code yourself? – Ah, I am terribly sorry, please let me jot down these lines, and I’ll get around to them as soon as possible.

c) – Well, I assume it would be much better if class names, variables, and comments were in bold or in a different color.

– Thanks for your advice, but I’d better stick to the conventions set by my company.

d)– OK, everyone. That’s about all for this session of our meeting. In the next session, we’ll have group discussions about what we’ve learnt today.

– I’m sorry to say that I am still confused about one thing: why can’t we capitalize the first word in a function name?

e) – The good news is, with the new platform, programmers will get down to business faster with hundreds of compatible products and integrated solutions.

– Maybe, they just have to spend a lot of time to get ready for this new change.

a) You are concluding a presentation about your work in the previous month.

So that’s about all of the progress report for my work over the last month.

b) A colleague asked what to include in the copyright comment. You are not very sure. I’m afraid I’m not really sure about the content in the copyright comment.

c) Your group has a lot of controversy about an unsettled issue. You suggest discussing it later. Let’s just put it aside for now.

d) A colleague pointed out that you always start a new line for the comments. You don’t understand what’s wrong with that.

Is there a problem with that?

e) You are reminding all the team members to cite sources for all the borrowed codes. You must remember to document the source along with the code you borrow.

a) A good name for a routine clearly describes everything the routine does.

一个好的例程名能明确地描述该例程的功能。

b) Special care should be given to the naming of header files because of potential conflicts between modules.

注意头文件的命名以避免模块间潜在的冲突。

c) When applicable, all source documentation should be in a format compatible with the generic formatting defined by the original programming language.

在可应用的时候，所有源文档的格式应适当地与原始程序语言定义的通用格式兼容。 d) Block comments are used to provide descriptions of files, methods, data structures and algorithms.

块注释用来说明文件、方法、数据结构和算法。

e) Short comments can appear on a single line indented to the level of the code that follows. 短注释可以出现在单一一行，缩进位置与其后的代码相同。

f) Very short comments can appear on the same line as the code they describe, but should be shifted far enough to separate them from the statements.

若注释非常短，可与代码同行，但要空出足够的间距

g) The information provided by documentation comments delivers very important messages to other developers and users.

文档注释向其他开发人员和用户传递非常重要的信息。

h) Documentation comments, specially in Java, describe the classes, interfaces, constructors, methods, and fields.

文档注释，特别是在Java语言中，说明类、接口、构造函数、成员方法和成员变量。

Unit 07

a) – You really have got a good grasp of this whole project, Jim.

– Thank you. I’m just acting on the work plan and sticking to it.

b)– I really wish those new hires could get on the right track as soon as possible.

– Well, I believe it’s important to allow time for things to mature, for mistakes

to be made, and for lessons to be learned.

c)– What do you think is the most important thing for anyone who is in charge of a software project?

– I guess the most important thing is to keep on top of scientific and technological progress. d)– OK, it seems there’s no problem that we’re aware of in this agreement.

– Does that mean we’re finally able to sign off on it? It has already taken us two months. e)– This work package is assigned to two developers from Ace Corp. One of them will write the code, and the other will test it.

– And I’d like to add that they will be in close cooperation with the rest of the team.

a) Introduce Mr. Presley, CIO of Acme Corporation, to one of your co-workers.

May I introduce Mr. Presley from Acme Corporation? He is the CIO there.

b) You request a colleague to stop worrying about insignificant details and focus on the critical path of the project.

Remember, the most important thing is to pay close attention to the critical path, not the insignificant details.

c) You are not familiar with coding programs, so you wonder how many hands are needed in a software project your team is conducting.

I’m certainly no expert on coding, so I needed a little help to be clear about how many hands we needed right now.

d) You claim that the implementation process has to be fully scheduled so that no resources can be wasted.

What we need is to fully schedule the implementation process, and to make sure no resources are wasted.

e) You praise a partner for her good understanding of a software project.

Very impressive, madam, you’ve got a good grasp of the overall picture and of how things interact.

a) Strong interaction between all the partners and all work packages will be guaranteed through the use of the same hardware, software and databases.

使用相同的硬件、软件和数据库将保证所有合作伙伴和所有任务组件之间的强交互。 b) As noted earlier, there is no adequate database for speaker-independent, large-vocabulary, continuous speech recognition in Cantonese and other dialects at present.

正如上文表明的，目前没有足够的数据库支撑针对广东话和其 它方言的独立于说话者的、大词汇量的连续语音识别系统。

c) Regarding the first group, the main goal of this task is just to get access to one of the existing large Mandarin Dialect dictionaries.

对于第一组来说，任务的主要目标是读取现有的普通话方言大字典的内容。

d) As said above, there currently exist no pronunciation dictionaries that can be used for speech recognition.

上文已经提到，目前尚没有语音识别系统可用的发音辞典。

e) A larger dictionary will be made by hand only if insurmountable difficulties are

encountered.

仅当有不可克服的困难产生时，才会着手人工编写一本更大的字典。

f) An appropriate language model is an invaluable component to any speech recognition system larger than a few isolated words.

一个合适的语言模型对于任何一个不限于孤立词语的语音识别系统来说都是非常宝贵的组件。

g) A depth-first search, ordered by language model information, will produce a significant speedup.

按照语言模型信息排序的先深搜索将大大提高速度。

h) Implementational improvements will include improvements in memory and CPU

efficiency, with the aim of achieving a single workstation demonstration system that consistently runs in real-time or less.

实施上的改进包括内存和中央处理器效率的提高, 目标是实现一个能实时运行的单一工作站演示系统。