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D．curious to know what disturbed him

C

Decision-thinking is not unlike it often matters not only what you think , but also what others

think you think what you think they think you think . The mental process(过程) is similar . Naturally ,

this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are , by any standards , good

thinkers .

The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory . In

particular , he showed that all games fall into two classes ; there are what he called games of 'perfect

information', games like chess where the players can't hide anything or play tricks ; they don't win by

chance , but by means of logic and skills . Then there are games of 'imperfect information', like poker ,

in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.

One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information . Quite

the reverse Business , life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect

information . Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors(因素),

best poker players . But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance ,

and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess , not poker.

59．The subject discussed in this text is _________. A．the process of reaching decisions B．the difference between poker and chess. C．the secret of making good business plans D．the value of information in winning games 60．An important factor in a game of imperfect information is ___________. A．rules B．luck C．time D．ideas 61．Which of the following can be used in place of "Quite the reverse"? A．Quite right. B．True enough. C．Most unlikely. D．Just the opposite. 62．In the writer's opinion , when making business decisions one should ___________ . A．put perfect information before imperfect information B．accept the existence of unknown factors C．regard business as a game of chess D．mix known and unknown factors

D

Olaf Stapledon wrote a book called First and Last Men . in which he looked millions of years

ahead . He told of different men and of strange civilisations(文明), broken up by long 'dark ages' in

between . In his view , what is called the present time is no more than a moment in human history and

we are just the First Men . In 2,000 million years from now there will be the Eighteenth or Last Men.

However , most of our ideas about the future are really very short-sighted . Perhaps we can see

some possibilities for the next fifty years . But the next hundred ? The next thousand? The next million?

That's much more difficult.

When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago , how could they even begin to picture