经济术语

最新常用经济术语 国民经济、对外经NATIONAL

济贸易

经济指标

社会总产值

国民生产总值

国内生产总值 ECONOMY, FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE economic indicators total product of society GNP (Gross Domestic Product) GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita

gross output value of industry and

工农业总产值

agriculture

国民收入

购买力平价法

财政收入 national income purchasing power parity state revenue

社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales

社会零售物价总指

general retail price index

数

百分点 percentage points

the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic

"八五"划划

and Social Development

计划经济 planned economy

经济术语

统购统销

市场经济

指令性计划

指导性计划

市场调节 state monopoly over purchase and marketing market economy mandatory plan guidance plan market regulation

建立市场经济、法establish operational mechanisms of market 制、民主监督和廉economy,

政"三个机制" rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government

priorities over agriculture, 抓好农业、交通能stress

源、教育科技"三个transportation and energy supply, education 基础"

实现产业结构、生

optimize industrial structure, ecological

态环境和人口素质

environment and the quality of population

"三个优化"

第一、二、三产业 primary, secondary and tertiary industries 外向型经济

创汇型企业

劳动密集型

技术、智力、资本

technology, knowledge or capital intensive

密集型

高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high export-oriented economy foreign exchange-earning enterprise labor intensive and science and technology

经济术语

added-value

优化资源配置

生产力

生产资料

科研成果产业化

火炬计划

技术入股

风险投资

固定资产投资

折旧费

关系民生的产品

供大于求

供不应求

经济过热 optimize allocation of resources productive forces capital goods industrialization of research findings Torch Plan technology appraised as capital stock venture investment/capital investment in fixed assets depreciation cost products vital to the people's livelihood oversupply short supply overheated economy

stem frenzied and speculative trading in the

抑制炒房地产热

property market

宏观调控

经济杠杆

产业政策 macro-economic control economic levers industrial policy

financing, taxation, credit, 财政, 税收, 信public

贷，利率, 汇率 interest rate, exchange rate

经济术语

提高经济效益

社会效益 enhance economic performance/returns social effect/returns

about sustained, stable and 实现持续、稳定、bring

协调的发展 coordinated development

财政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus)

外贸出口总额

外商直接投资协议

contracted foreign direct investment

金额

实际利用外资 foreign investment in actual use gross foreign export value

三资企业(中外合three kinds of enterprises with foreign 资合作、外商独资investment: sino-foreign joint venture, 经营) contractual joint venture

允许外商独资经营 allow full foreign equity operation 优惠条件

减免税收

合作方式

出资方式

合营期限 confessional terms; favorable terms tax reduction and exemption approaches to cooperation means of contributing investment contract term of a joint venture

and compensation 三来一补 (来料加processing

工,来件装配,来样trades(processing with materials or given 加工) samples, assembling supplied components)

经济术语

贸易伙伴

转口贸易

外贸顺差 trade partner transit trade foreign trade surplus

积极引进外来资actively introduce capital, technology, 金、技术、人才和competent professionals and managerial 管理经验

交钥匙工程

招标承包制

招标出售技术

公开招标

招标单

标书

竟标

投标

投标报价书

评标

开标

中标

拍卖

租赁

保税区 expertise form outside turn-key project bidding invitation contract system bids for technology call for bid; tenders invitation for bid (IFB) bidding document competitive bidding bid for a project bid proposals bid proposal evaluation bid opening win a bid; be awarded a tender auction leasing bonded area; free trade area

经济术语

实行全方位开放 practice multi-directional opening

统一政策、放开经unified policy, liberalized operation, and 营、平等竞争、 equal competition

responsibility for one's own profits and

自负盈亏、工贸结losses, the integration of industry and 合、推行代理制 foreign trade, and the promotion of agent

system

知识产权

技术转让

可行性研究

意向书

投资环境

跨国公司

基础设施

20年基本实现现代

basically achieve modernization in 20 years

化

发挥技术窗口管理serve as a medium for introducing advanced 窗口和人才窗口的technologies, managerial expertise and 作用

招商

招商项目 qualified professionals from outside. attract investment project proposals for investment intellectual property rights technology transfer feasibility study letter of intent investment environment transnational coorporation infrastructure

经济术语

follow the international codes of practice;

同国际惯例接轨 bring in line with the international

usage

加大改革力度

一条龙服务

一支笔审批 intensify reforms one package service one-chop approval

我们两市的经济互To a great extent, the economies between out 补性很强。 two cities are complementary to each other. 平等互利，互通有equality and mutual benefit, and trading of 无 needed goods

act as an intermediary for introducing

外引内联 foreign capital and establishing domestic

connections

bring about a sustainable development;

保持发展后劲

sustain momentum of development

经济实力

龙头 economic capabilities pacemaker; leading role

"three connections and one leveling"

三通一平（水通、

assuring that a construction site is

电通、路通、施工

connected to water and electric power

场地平）

supplies and roads, and that the ground is

经济术语

leveled before a project is begun.

瓶颈 bottleneck

use

以工养农

agriculture

use tolls to repay investment in road

以路养路

projects

delegate the authority to examine and

下放审批权

approve to lower levels

统而不死，活而不

ensure a flexible control

乱

良性循环

国民经济的支柱

格局初步形成 positive cycle mainstay of the national economy Pattern has taken initial shape.

the property rights industrial income to finance 理顺企业的产权关rationalize

系

政策性亏损

三角债 relationships of enterprises policy-related loss chain debts

上不封顶，下不保set no ceiling limit and give no minimum 底 guarantee

link total payroll with the performance of

企业“工效挂钩”

an enterprise

经济术语

生意兴隆/冷淡

质量信得过单位

批量生产

以销定产

内联企业

菜篮子工程

国产化

配套改革

配套措施

配套工程

国内配套资金

向基础工业倾斜的Business is booming/sluggish quality trustworthy organization mass production limit production to market ability inland associated enterprises shipping basket project percentage of home-made parts coordinated reforms supporting measures auxiliary project domestic funds

policy in favor of basic industry

政策

升级换代

看好经济增长

行情看好

行情看涨/跌

随行就市 upgrading and updating think highly of economic growth Favorable price/market can be expected. anticipate lower market price/rising price fluctuate in line with market conditions 片面追求发展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate

在过渡时期 in a period of transition

经济术语

粗放/集约经营

基础地位

门类齐全

存款/贷款余额

外汇储备

贸易顺差 extensive/intensive operation leading position covering extensive fields the balance of deposits/loans foreign exchange reserves trade surplus

完善的市场和发达well-established market and sophisticated 的金融体制

消灭失业 financial system wipe out unemployment

降低过热的期货市cool down the over-heated future market and 场，恢复金融秩序 restore financial order

紧缩银根

一位数水平

保持双边贸易的平

balance the two-way trade

衡

这次会议为两国进

This meeting laid a sound foundation for the

一步加强持续的经

two countries to forge enduring/lasting and

济联系奠定了坚实

constant/continuous economic ties.

的基础。

市场疲软

库存积压 a market slump overstocked products tighten the money supply one digit level

经济术语

国家指令性计划

统一定价

国家统配物资

货币发放

规范价格秩序 state mandatory planning unified price setting materials allocated by state the issue of currency standardize the price order

简化流通环节，增simplify circulation and add more random 加随机检查 checks

市场机制开始发挥The market mechanisms are beginning to play 调节作用。 their regulatory role.

Grains are purchased and sold by the same

由于该暗补为明

price because covered allowances are turned

补，粮食购销同价。

into open allowance.

An

导致价格持续增长

to/resulting in) substantial price hikes

的一个重要因素在

lies in the gradual lifting of prices

于物价的逐步放开

control and the structural adjustment of

及价格结构调整。

prices.

important factor (contributing