………………………………………1 ………………………………………6 ………………………………………16 ………………………………………24 ………………………………………30 ………………………………………35 ………………………………………37 ………………………………………46

1.1

1.2

P U I P UI P

1.3

( )

( )

1.4

1 2 3 4

1.5 .

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1.6

1.7 0 00

10.10 l0.07 10.l2 l0.06 l0.07 l0.12 10.11 10.08 l0.09 10.11 9.59 9.7l 10.68 l0.42 10.33 9.60 9.80 l0.21 9.98 l0.38 10.05 l0.04 9.98 9.99 l0.00 10.02 10.0l 999 9.97 9.99

1.8SXl842 19999 20mV

20mV/19999 0.001mV 1μVl.9

SR46 50uV div 120uV

120/50 2.4

1.10 1.10

1 RL U ( )

2 Rv 120kO 10MQ U U

3 rx rx (Uo Ux)/Ux×100%

1 U0

30

×5 2.5V30 30

2 R 1 30//120 24KΩ

Ux1

24

×5 2.22V

30 必慢

1.10

R 2 30//10000 29.91KΩ

Ux2

3 rx1

29.91

×5 2.496V

30 必暂密暂度

Ux U0必密必必 必密拍

×100% ×100% 12.6%Ux2.22

Ux U0必密慢暂描 必密拍

×100% ×100% 峰.16%

2.496Ux

B(1/T 1/T0)

rx2

1.11 RT=R0 e

Ro Rt

B T1 290K R1 14.12k T0 300K T T2 320K R2 5.35kg R0 B

14.12 R0e

B(

11

)290300

1

拍密情拍 R0e

B(

11)320300

2

1 2

B 3003

R0 10.05KΩ

1.12

R1 R2 30KΩ

U1

R1

ER1 r

U2

R2

ER2 r

齿

R1R2(U1 U2)RU12 R2U1

1.13 1.l0 MF 20 6V 30V RL Uo 20k V( Rv × ) 2.5 ( s s xm ±s%·xm

6V

Rv1 120KΩ

R 1 30//120 24KΩ

Ux1

24

×5 2.222V

30 必慢

Δx12 ±2.5%×6 ±0.15V

Δx11 Ux1 A 2.222 2.5 0.278V

x1 x11 x12 0.482V

y1

x0.428

×度峰峰动 ×度峰峰动 度操动A2.5

30V

Rv2 30×20 600KΩ

R 2 30//600 28.57KΩ

Ux2

28.57

×5 2.244V

30 必旋密拍操

Δx22 ±2.5%×30 ±0.75V

Δx21 2.244 2.5 0.06VΔx2 0.81V

y2

0.86

×度峰峰动 情必密慢动2.5

1.14

·

1.15

1.16

2.1

( )

2.2

2.3

x x A0

1 2

1 2

x

×100%A x

rx ×100%

xrA

rm

xm

×100%xm

3

4

Gx 20lgAu dB

2.4

2.5

C1 2000±40pF C2 470pF±5%

r1 ±2.6

40

×100% ±2%200

r1 r2 C2

20±0.1dB 1000mV

Gx 20lg

ui

20u0

u0 ui/10 100mV

rx rDb/8.69 ±0.1/8.69 ±1.2% 100mV±1.2mV

u0 rx×u0 ±1.2%×100 ±1.2mV

2.7 5.42V 5.60V

U rx rA

U 5.42 5.60 0.18V

rx 0.18/5.42 3.32%

rA 0.18/5.60 3.21%

2.8 1.2k ±5

x rx×x ±5%×120 ±60 1200±60

2.9 2.5 100V 50V 48V

xm ±2.5%×100 ±2.5V

x 50 48 2V 2.5V

2.10 100mV 100

(mV) (mV) (mV) c(mV)

00.00.00.0

109.90.1-0.1

2020.2-0.20.2

3030.4-0.40.4

4039.80.2-0.2

5050.2-0.20.2

6060.4-0.40.4

7070.3-0.30.3

8080.00.00.0

9089.70.3-0.3

100100.00.00.0

U c

10mV rx rA rx 0.1/10×100% 1%

xm 0.4mV

s 0.5 100/100 1mV

rA 0.1/9.9×100% 1.01%rm 0.4/100 0.4%

2.11WQ—1 f 1kHz 0.1pF 110pF ±1.0 ×( )±0.01 ×( ) lpF 10pF 100pF

xm ±0.01%×110 ±0.011pF

x1 ±1.0%×1±0.011 ±0.021pF

x2 ±1.0%×10±0.011 ±0.111pF x3 ±1.0%×100±0.011 ±1.011pF

0.021

×100% ±2.1%11.011rx3 ±×100% ±1.011%

100rx1 ±

rx2 ±

0.111

×100% ±1.11%10

2.12 2.12 Rv A B E R1 R2

A B UA

Rv 20K Rv 1M UA

20

×12 9.6V5 2010

Ux2 ×12 旋V

5 度08 9.6rx2 ×100% 必峰%

88 9.6rA2 ×100% 度描密操%

9.6

R 20//1000 19.6K

2..12

19.3

×12 暂密拍描度获

5 度暂密情

暂密拍描 9.6rx3 ×100% 峰密慢度旋%

9.56

Ux3

rA3

暂密拍描 9.6

×100% 峰密慢度操%9.6

2.13 s 1 0 100µA 80µA 40µA

x1 x2 xm ±1%×100 ±1µA

rx1 x1/x1 ±1/80 ±1.25%

rx2 x2/x2 ±1/40 ±2.5%

2.14 4

1

( 19999) 2V ±2

0.025 ( )±1 0.0012V 1.9888V

x1

±0.0252

×0.0012±1×±0.1mV10019999

±1.003×10 4

rx1 ×100% ±8.36%

0.0012

x2

±0.0252

×1.9888±1×±0.6mV10019999

±5.972×10 4

rx1 ×100% ±0.03%

1.9888

2.15 — 2.15 (a) (b) ○A RA V Rv ○

RA Rv

2.15

R·R a Rxa xV

Rx RV

Rx2

Rxa Rxa Rx

Rx RV

ra 0 RV Rx ra

Rxa 1

ra Rx1 RV/Rx

b Rxb Rx RA

Rxb RArb RA/Rx

rb 0 RA Rx rb

2.16 8V 0 l0V sl 1.5

0 50V s2 l.0

x1 xm1 rm1×xm1 ±1.5%×10 ±0.15Vr1 x1/x1 ±0.15/8 ±1.88%

x2 xm2 rm2×xm2 ±1.0%×50 ±0.5Vr2 x2/x2 ±0.5/8 ±6.25%

r1 r2 sl 1.5

2.17 l0V 9V ±0.1 s 2.17 U/U≤±0.5% s

±(

19

s% 0.1%)度 暂度 暂19

s% 0.1%)度 暂度 暂

±(

s0.9 ±( )%

1010

s 4.1

s0.9

±( ±0.5%1010

2.5

2.17

2.18 2.18 Ri Rx E ( )

I

ERx Ri

Rx

E RiI

RxE

I 2 I II

2.18

Rx Rx Rx

RxE2 IRxIRi IE

Rx

I Rx

(2IRi E)E

I 0 2

IRi IE

I

E1 Im2Ri2

2.19 R1 20 ±2% R2 (100±0.4)

r ±

R1R2

rR1 rR2

R1 R2R1 R2

±

201000.4

×必% × ±峰密描描%

20 10020 100100

120±0.8

ΛR 120×0.66% 0.8 R

R2(R1 R2) R1R2R1(R1 R2) R1R2

· R· R2122

(R1 R2)(R1 R2)

R1R22R2R12

·r ·r2R12R2

(R1 R2)(R1 R2)rR

R R

RR·rR1 ·rR2

R1 R2R1 R2

R2 R1

rR ± rR1 rR2

R RR R 12 12

200.4 100 ± ×必% ×

必峰 度峰峰100 必峰 度峰峰 ±1.77%

R 20//100 16.7

ΛR ±16.7×1.77% ±0.3

16.7 ±0.3

2.20 5V s 1.5 2.20 a b Ua 4.26V Ub 4.19V

Ua Ub

Uab Ua Ub Uab Ua Ub Um ±s%·Um

±1.5%×5 0.075V

Uab 4.26 4.19 0.07V

rab ±(

4.264.19

度密操描动 1.79%)0.070.07

±214.26%

Uab rab×Uab ±214.26%×0.07 ±0.15V

2.20

2.21 Rx R1·R3/R2 R1 100 R1 ±0.1 R3

100 R3 ±0.1 R2 1000 R2 ±0.1 Rx

rR1 ±0.1/100 ±0.1%

rR3 ±0.1%

rR2 ±1/1000 ±0.1%

rRx ±(rR1 rR3 rR2) ±(0.1% 0.1% 0.1%) ±0.3%

2.22 W U2/R·t rU ±1%,rR ±0.5% rt ±1.5% rW rW ± ±4% 2rU rt rR ± 必×1动 度密拍动 峰密拍动

2.23 σ 4L/πd2R L(cm) d(cm) R( ) σ

σ 12LL

种 量

R

πd2Rd3Rd2R2

4

σ

σ

种 量 R

2 rL 必rd 齿RLdR

d

rL 2rd rR σ/σ 0

2.24 50mH LO±0.8mH 0.3mH

jωL0·R3 jωLs1·R4

L0 Ls1·R4/R3

rym1 ±(rR4 Ls1 rR3)

rR4 Ls1 rR3 Ls rym1 ±3Ls

L0 Ls jωL0·R4 jωLs2·R3

L0 Ls2·R3/R4

rym2 ±(

L0

L0

11

Ls1 Ls2)22

Ls1 LS2 Ls

1

3

rym2 ±Ls

rym2 rym1 ±0.27

2.25 2.25 50V U1 U2 U U1 U2 40V U ±2

U1 U2 ±s%×Um ±s%×50 0.5sru1 ru2 ±0.5s/40 ±1.25s%

r ±(

4040

rU1 rU2) ±1.25s%

慢峰 慢峰慢峰 慢峰

±1.25s% ±2% s 1.6

1.5

2.25