2014届高三英语人教版大一轮复习讲义教师用书 Book 5 Unit 1

Great scientists

Ⅰ.联想记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇以及相关短语)

1．conclude vt.& vi.推断出；结束→draw/come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion得出结论

2．attend v．出席，参加；照顾→attend to处理；照顾；专心于 3．expose vt.暴露→expose...to暴露；使显露 4．cure vt. & n．治愈→cure sb.of sth.治愈某人 5．absorb v．吸收；使专心→be absorbed_in 专心于 6．blame vt. & n．责备→be to_blame应受责备

7．link...to...将 和 联系或连接起来→connect...with...把 和 联系或连接起来→be linked_to...和 有关

8．announce vt.宣布；通告→make an_announcement 宣布

9．contribute vt. & vi.捐献；贡献→contribute to为 做贡献；有助于→make contributions_to 为 做贡献

10．(be) strict_with...对 严格的→be hard_on 对 苛刻 11．make_sense讲得通；有意义→make sense of 弄懂

12．reject vt.拒绝；抛弃→refuse v．拒绝→deny v．婉言谢绝 13．construction n．建设→under_construction正在建设中 Ⅱ.构词记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇及其派生词)

1．scientific adj.科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家 2．challenge n．& vt.挑战→challenging adj.困难的；挑战性的 3．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设 4．enthusiastic adj.热情的→enthusiasm n．热情 5．cautious adj.谨慎的→caution n．谨慎

6．universe n．宇宙→universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的 Ⅲ.语境填词(根据提示用适当的单词或短语填空)

1．At the meeting, he put_forward(提出) a proposal that children be exposed_to(暴露) challenges(挑战) but his proposal was rejected(反对) by the family. 2．The outbreak(爆发) of the deadly(致命的) disease urged a cure(疗法) be found，which was a challenge(挑战) but the experts(专家) and physicians(医生) were determined to defeat(打败) it.

3．After some research, the police drew_a_conclusion(得出结论) that the factory was

to_blame(应负责) for the pollution(污染)．

4．It makes_good_sense(合情合理的) for parents to be strict_with(对 严格要求) their kids but severe(严重的) punishment is not suggested.

5．It has been announced(宣布) that apart_from(除 之外) Tom, two others are also suspected(怀疑) of the theft. Ⅳ.语境记忆(背诵语段，记忆单元词汇)

From the scientific analysis，the experts who attend the meeting conclude that it is really a challenge to cure these infected patients.They announce they will be positive and enthusiastic about making contributions to it. Ⅴ.课文原句背诵

1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不明白它的起因，也不知道它的治疗方式。

2．So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak. 每一次(霍乱)爆发，都有很多人在恐惧中死去。 3．It seemed that the water was_to_blame. 看来水是罪魁祸首。

Ⅰ.单项填空

1．Only after Mary read her composition the second time________the spelling mistake.

(2012·天津，6)

A．did she notice C．does she notice 答案 A

解析 句意为：只有到玛丽再次读她的作文之后她才注意到这个拼写错误。“only＋状语从句”位于句首时，主句须用倒装语序。after引导的是时间状语从句，接在only之后，位于句首，所以主句要用倒装，可排除B、D两项。而且根据语境知read和notice都是过去发生的动作，所以答案为A项。

(教材原句：Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.)

2．After completing and signing it，please return the form to us in the envelope ________.

B．she noticed D．she has noticed

(2012·山东，35)

A．providing

B．provided

C．having provided 答案 B

D．provide

解析 句意为：填完并签字后，把表格装在提供的信封里给我们带回来。envelope与provide之间存在被动关系，选项中只有B项为过去分词表被动，故为正确答案。 (考查单元语法)

3．________ good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.

(2011·福建，22)

A．Far from

B．Apart from

D．Regardless of

C．Instead of 答案 B

解析 句意为：除了良好的服务以外，这家餐馆还提供不同种类的传统福建美食。far from离 远，远非；apart from除 之外(还)；instead of代替，而不是；regardless of不管。由句意可知B项正确。

(教材原句：Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.)

4．Planning so far ahead ________ no sense—so many things will have changed by next

year. (2011·新课标全国，23)

A．made C．makes 答案 C

解析 句意为：这么早就作计划是没有意义的——到了明年，有许多情况会发生变化。此处说明现在的事实，故用一般现在时。部分考生由于受so far的影响会误选D，其实这儿的so far不是表示“到目前为止”的那个短语so far，此处so是用来修饰短语far ahead的，far ahead很早，so far ahead如此早。B项is making为现在进行时，不合题意，可排除；根据时态一致原则，A项made也可排除。

(教材原句：Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.)

5．The island，________ to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.(2011·大纲全国Ⅱ，15) A．joining

B．to join

B．is making D．has made

C．joined 答案 C

D．having joined

解析 句意为：这个岛屿由一座桥和大陆相连，很容易到达。join与the island之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词。 (考查单元语法) Ⅱ.完形、阅读——英译汉

1．I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV.(2012·湖北·完形) 我往往接受电视上的专家所提出的想法。

2．As I grew older and was exposed to more, my interests in the world of dance certainly varied but that little girl’s dream of someday becoming a dancer in the company never left me.

(2012·北京·完形)

随着年龄的增长和与外界接触的越来越多，我对舞蹈的兴趣当然有所变化，但是那个小女孩要当舞蹈家的梦想从没离开过我。

3．Some of these adults simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those

(2011·广东·完形)

有些大人就得出结论说应为那些有天赋的人设立特殊班。

4．Drivers who cause traffic accidents, or who commit a moving traffic offence or are

being

suspected

of

drink

driving

will

be

who

are

talented.

tested.

(2011·福建·阅读A)

那些导致交通事故或者违反现行的交通法或被怀疑酒后驾驶的司机都要经过酒精测试。 Ⅲ.书面表达——汉译英

1．他突然想到第二天早晨他有个会议要参加。(attend) (2011·湖北·完成句子)

It (suddenly) occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.

2．实话实说，这件事怪苏，但是李也应受指责。(be to blame) (2011·湖北·短文写作)

To be honest, it was Su’s fault but Li was also to blame.

历年高考热点：apart from，make sense，put forward， expert，expose，conclude，suspect，attend，blame等的用法。 2014考点预测：attend，defeat，contribute，absorb，blame， conclude，apart from，make sense，put forward等的用法。

1attend

双语释义 v．出席，参加(be present)；处理，对付(deal with)；照料，护理(take care of) 学情诊断

(1)用attend，join，join in，take part in的适当形式填空 ①He joined the army three years ago.

②All children between the ages of 5 and 16 must attend school. ③A lot of students took_part_in the protest in 1949. ④Would you like to join_in_ the basketball game? ⑤A nurse attended to his needs constantly.

(2)I always have so many things to________when I come back to the company after a trip abroad. A．add to C．attend to 答案 C

解析 句意为：每当我出国回到公司时，我总有很多事情要处理。attend to处理，符合句意。add to增加；contribute to起作用，导致；appeal to恳求，请求；吸引，均不合题意。 归纳拓展

听讲座/出席会议/上学/上课 attend to处理；照顾

attend on/upon sb.伺候/照顾某人 attendance n.出席，参加；上学；到场

attendant n.服务员，侍者，侍从，随从；护理者 易混辨析 attend，join，take part in，join in 这些动词或词组均含“参加，加入”之意。 attend侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等。 join普通用词，指加入党派、团体或游戏活动等。

take part in侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。

B．contribute to

D．appeal to

join in 后接活动，强调与他人一起参与某一活动。 2defeat

双语释义 v．击败；战胜(beat)；使困惑；难住(puzzle)；使失败；阻挠；挫败(stop...from success)；n.失败；战败(failure)；挫败；击败；战胜(winning) 学情诊断

(1)用defeat的适当形式填空

①The army was well trained and well armed，and had little difficulty defeating the enemy.

②The world­famous tennis player was_defeated in an important match yesterday，which disappointed most of his fans.

③The government has suffered a serious defeat.

(2)He succeeded in his efforts to________his fatal weakness. A．win

B．beat D．overcome

C．defeat 答案 D

解析 句意为：经过努力，他成功地克服了自己的致命弱点。overcome战胜，压倒，克服，符合句意。 归纳拓展

serious defeat严重受挫 admit defeat承认失败

defeat sb.by... 易混辨析 defeat，beat，win

defeat 接sb.作宾语，既可指比赛，也可指在战场上战胜对手，还可指(希望、计划等)受挫或失败。

beat接sb.作宾语，侧重于在比赛中击败对手，还有连续敲打、(心脏)跳动之意。 win 的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表尊重、崇拜之类的词。 活学活用

用defeat，beat，win的适当形式填空 (1)I can beat/defeat you at swimming.

(2)Listen! The rain is beating against the window.

(3)To our surprise，he was badly defeated in the election. (4)Who do you think will win the beauty contest? 3contribute

双语释义 v．捐献；捐助(give money or goods to...)；是 的原因之一(be one of

the causes of sth.)；投稿(write for) 学情诊断 (1)同义词语替换

Various factors contributed_to his downfall(倒台)．led_to/resulted_in (2)Eating too much fat can ________ heart diseases and cause high blood pressure. A．result from C．attend to 答案 B

解析 句意为：吃太多脂肪会导致心脏病和引起高血压。contribute to对 起促成作用，导致，符合句意。 归纳拓展

contribute...to...把 贡献给 contribute to有助于；导致；把时间投入 contribution n.贡献；捐款

make a contribution/contributions to 图解助记

B．contribute to

D．appeal to

写作句组 满分作文之佳句背诵 a

．

Now

I

am

writing

to

contribute

my

topic

to

you.

(2009·重庆)

b．Chinese use the most plastic bags, which makes a great contribution to the “white pollution”．

c．As for forest resources protection, I can also make my own contributions. d．I prefer to regard Lei Feng as my idol on account that he contributed so much to the whole country. 4absorb

双语释义 v．吸收(液体、气体等)(take in)；使并入，吞并；吸引(attract)；使专心(interest sb.) 学情诊断

(1)写出下列句子中absorb的汉语意思

①Absorbed in his work, he simply forgot food and sleep.专心于

②The surrounding villages have been absorbed by the growing city.吞并 ③Black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day.吸收

(2)So________was he in his work that he didn’t notice that it was raining hard. A．taken C．absorbed 答案 C

解析 句意为：他是如此专心于工作，以致于没注意到下大雨。此处用了倒装。be absorbed in专心于，符合句意。be taken in 受骗，被接纳；be devoted to致力于；be interested in对 感兴趣。 归纳拓展

absorb one’s attention吸引某人的注意力 absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的

be absorbed in 专心于 ；全神贯注于；热衷于 be absorbed by/into被 吞并；为 所吸收

思考 你知道的表示“全神贯注；专心于”的短语还有哪些？

be buried in, be lost in, fix one’s attention on，concentrate one’s mind on等。 5blame

双语释义 v．把 归咎于，责怪，指责(say or think sb. is responsible for)；n.责任(responsibility)，责备，指责 学情诊断 (1)一句多译

他因为这起事故受到他们的责备。 ①They_blamed_him_for_the_accident. ②They_blamed_the_accident_on_him. ③He_was_to_blame_for_the_accident.

(2)I feel it is your husband who________for the spoiled child. A．is to blame

B．is going to blame D．should blame

B．devoted

D．interesting

C．is to be blamed 答案 A

解析 句意为：我认为应该是你的丈夫为这个宠坏的孩子负责。be to blame for...应该为 负责。 归纳拓展

blame sb.for doingsth.为做某事责备某人 blame sth.on sb.将某事归咎于某人

be to blame for sth. get the blame受到责难

take the blame for 对 承担责任

lay/put the blame for sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人 易错提示

be to blame (for)短语中用主动形式表示被动含义，不用被动语态。 6conclude

双语释义 v．断定，推断出(decide)；得出结论；(使)结束，终止(end) 学情诊断

(1)用conclude的适当形式填空

①We can conclude that he is confident of his future. ②We drew different conclusions from the facts.

③In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself. (2)—Ann seems to be upset.What’s up?

—She________from the voice on the line that her mother is not satisfied with her test scores. A．includes C．suggests 答案 B

解析 句意为：——Ann看起来有些不高兴，出了什么事？——根据电话中的声音断定她母亲对她的考试成绩不满意。conclude断定，推断，符合句意。include包括；suggest建议，表明；contain包括。 归纳拓展

conclude sth.from sth.推断出，断定

conclude from sth. that... 推断出，断定

conclude sth.with sth./by doing sth. 以做 conclusion n.结束；结论,in conclusion最后；总之 arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论7apart from

B．concludes D．contains

双语释义 除 之外(aside from，besides) 学情诊断 (1)同义词语替换

①This essay is good apart_from a couple of spelling mistakes.except_for ②Apart_from going to French evening classes twice a week，she does yoga on Wednesdays.Besides/In_addition_to

③We’re open every day apart_from Monday.except

(2)Everything was perfect for the picnic________the weather. A．in place of C．except for 答案 C

解析 except for为肯定整体、除去瘕疵，后跟名词。句意为：除了天气之外，一切都适合野餐。 归纳拓展

表示“除 之外”的短语：

apart from/aside from 可以分别相当于besides，except或except for。

besides＝in addition to除 之外(还，也)，常与， more，other等连用。

except除 外(都) ，常与all，every，no，none，nothing等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。 except for除 以外，其后所跟的词往往与前面的不 是同一类的，是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。 8make sense

双语释义 讲得通；有意义(have a meaning) 学情诊断 (1)完成句子

①Can you make_any_sense_of_this_article (理解这篇文章的意思)? ②In_a_sense (从某种意义上讲) this may be true. (2)单项填空

①Dogs have a very good________of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.

B．as well as D．in case of

A．sense C．means 答案 A

B．view D．idea

解析 a sense of smell嗅觉。句意为：狗嗅觉灵敏，经常被用来搜寻地震中的幸存者。

②No matter how I tried to read it，the sentence didn’t ________to me. A．understand C．turn out 答案 D

解析 句意为：不管我怎么努力读它，我就是不明白这个句子。make sense讲得通。 归纳拓展

make sense of理解；弄懂 in a sense从某种意义上 in no sense决不

There is no/little sense in doing sth. 9put forward

双语释义 提议，提出(suggest)；拿出；推荐(recommend)；将 提前 学情诊断

(1)写出下列句子中put forward的汉语意思

①The woman put forward a red silk as well as a blue one for our inspection.把 拿出来给人看

②The Trade Union Congress put forward a plan for national recovery.提出 ③I’ve put you forward as the best man for the job.推举，推荐 ④The hi­tech has put forward our production this year.使加快，促进 ⑤My watch was slow，so I put it forward three minutes.拨快

⑥We’ve put forward the date of our wedding by one month.把 提前 (2)These foreigners have ________ a proposal for a joint venture. A．put in C．put down 答案 D 归纳拓展

put aside节省；储蓄；储存 put away放好；积蓄 put back放回；拨回

B．put up

D．put forward

B．make out

D．make sense

put down记下；镇压 put off延期；推迟

1. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.

他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。 句型公式：with复合结构 学情诊断

(1)用with复合结构完成句子

①With_the_windows_open,_he fell asleep. 窗户开着，他睡着了。

②With_Jack_waiting_for_me at the school gate, I hurried downstairs. Jack 在校门口等我， 我匆忙下楼了。

③With_his_homework_done，he went out to play football. 他的作业做完了，他出去踢足球了。

(2)With much work________， he was like a cat on hot bricks. A．done

B．to do D．do

C．doing 答案 B

解析 不定式表将来，句子主语he发出做工作这一动作，用to do表to be done。 归纳拓展

“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语由名词或代词充当，宾语补足语由形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语等充当。2单元语法：过去分词作定语和表语 学情诊断 根据句意补全句子

(1)The United States is a country which has developed. →The United States is a developed country.

(2)He told us of the great wrong which had been done to him. →He told us of the great wrong done to him.

(3)The children are excited (excite) about going to the zoo.

(4)Everybody was shocked (shock) to hear the death of the famous film star.

(5)There are four used (use) stamps.

Ⅰ.根据英文释义写出下列单词

1．victim：someone who suffers when something bad happens 2．defeat：to win a victory over someone 3．pump：a machine for raising water

4．blame：to say or think that someone or sth.is responsible for sth.bad 5．link：a connection between two or more people or things Ⅱ.语境填词

absorb，blame，reject，attend，challenge 1．She has two nurses attending on her.

2．I want to challenge him to a game of basketball. 3．Jim was rejected by every college he applied to. 4．No one knows who is to_blame for the fire.

5．When I entered，I found my father sitting in the sofa and absorbed in a magazine. Ⅲ.词义猜测或句意理解题——用本单元词汇或句式替换划线部分 1．The police thought he might have stolen the car.suspected

2．He was so lost in the book that he didn’t see me come in.absorbed 3．Who should_be_responsible for this accident？is_to_blame

4．He was infected because he was in_the_area_of this disease.exposed_to 5

．

What

he

said

at

the

meeting

was_difficult_for_me_to_understand.made_no_sense_to_me

Ⅳ.微写作(21)

写作素材

1．西蒙因为接触了致命的病毒而患了重病。 2．专家和医生通过各种尝试给他治疗。 3．医生宣布病毒被打败了。

4．但是在完全康复之前他还需要护理一段时间。 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。

连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)

Simon was severely ill because of being exposed to a deadly virus.After all the attempts to cure him, the experts and doctors announced that the virus was defeated but he needed attending before he was fully recovered.

Ⅴ.微语法(21)——with复合结构及独立主格结构

(课外拓展——一个单元突破一个语法点)

1．On the bank of the river，we found him________on a bench，with his eyes________on a kite in the sky. A．seated；fixing

B．sitting；fixing D．sitting；fixed

C．seated；being fixed 答案 D

解析 考查非谓语动词。第一空用seated或sitting作宾补；第二空处是with复合结构，由fix one’s eyes on sth.可知应用过去分词fixed。

2．With their reputation________in the milk powder incident，the food companies need________their image. A．ruining；improving B．ruined；to improve C．to ruin；to be improved D．to be ruined；being improved 答案 B

解析 句意为：随着声誉在奶粉事件中被毁，那些食品公司需要改善他们的形象。reputation与ruin是被动关系，故第一空用过去分词作补语；“需要做某事”用need to do sth.。正确答案为B。

3．With the couple ________ in a nearby town，the house seems pretty empty most of the time. A．work

B．to work D．worked

C．working 答案 C

解析 考查with复合结构。work 和其逻辑主语the couple是主谓关系，表示现在的状况，所以用现在分词表主动。句意为：这对夫妻在附近镇上上班，(他们的)房子大部分时间都是空荡荡的。

4．The poor man stood there，with his hands________，________his eyes upon the dark cave.

A．crossed；fixing C．crossed；fixed 答案 A

解析 cross为及物动词，所以手与交叉是被动关系，要使用过去分词；fix...on/upon...是固定短语，意为“把 集中到 上”，这里动词­ing形式表伴随动作。

B．crossing；fixing

D．crossing；fixed

5．With so many things ________，I have to work late into the night. A．to deal with C．dealing with 答案 A

解析 考查非谓语动词的用法。由空格后的部分可以看出，“so many things”很多事情还没有处理，所以用不定式表示将来。句意为：有很多事情有待于处理，我得工作到深夜。

B．dealt with D．being dealt with

Step Two 微写作——语段集训

第13讲 表示看法

1．Different people have/hold different attitudes/opinions. 不同的人持有不同的观点。

2．People take/assume/adopt/have different opinions towards it. 对此，人们的观点各有不同。

3．People’s opinions quite differ：Some people have strong belief that..., while others argue that...

人们的观点差异很大：有人坚信 ，而有的人则认为

4．However，as the saying goes，each coin has its two sides.And the same is true for this topic.

然而，俗话说，事物是一分为二的。这个话题也是如此。 e．g.

Different people have different opinions towards failure.Some people do believe that failure is the mother of success.

Optimistic people hold the idea that every failure

they have experienced is of great value and it will surely turn into a greater chance of success. However，others are easily let down and lose heart. 即时训练 写作素材

1．不同的人对辅导班(tutorial classes) 有不同的看法。 2．有的认为小孩应该尽量多学习，这对他的未来有好处。

3．有的则认为孩子在业余时间应尽量放松，这样会使他们更加精力充沛地投入到学习中。 连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)

People’s_opinions_quite_differ_about_tutorial_classes

Some_hold_the_opinion_that_children_should_learn_as_much_as_possible

：，

which_is_of_great_benefit_to_their_future

while_others_argue_that_children_should_relax_much_in_their_spare_timethus_making_themselves_more_refreshed_for_their_study.

，，