The attributive clause

(定语从句)

在讲定语从句之前，我们必须知道以下两个概念：1.复合句2.定语

复合句：一个主句和一个以上从句构成的有主从关系的句子结构，从句要充当主句的某个句子成分(Main clause =1+subordinate clause≥1).

定语: 描述,修饰,或限定中心词的句子成分,定语的作用就是让读者对所描述,所修饰的,或所限定的主体有更清楚认识.

A table

A small table

A small round table

A small round old table

A small round old French table

定语绝大多数由形容词充当，当然名词，非谓语动词，介词短语也可以充当定语 Summer vacation, a stone bridge, club members, developing counties, winter in Chengdu 我之所以讲这两定义是因为他们与定语从句的理解息息相关，其一，定语从句属于复合句，其二，起限定作用，功能相当于一个形容词,只是放在了所修饰词之后。

定语从句中我们一定要清楚以下两个概念

1.先行词（antecedent）: 被定语从句所修饰或限定的那个词。

2.关系词，在定语从句中代替先行词的那个词。 学习定语从句务必要牢记它是复合句，先行词属于主句，而关系词属于从句，先找关系词，再找先行词。

定语从句在高考的考点集中在关系词上面，关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词

1.关系代词:

高考常以下6个关系代词that, which, who whom, whose, as, 至于but, than 这两关系代

词高考不考。我在这里也不做讲解。

That 引导定语从句时，可以指代人或物，在从句中充当，主语，宾语，或表语。

A: Could you introduce the girl that is good-looking to me?

B: You mean the girl that Joe is dancing with?

A:Yeah, she is really a knockout girl.

A: Have you heard that the company (that) Bob worked in went bankrupt?

B: It is really bad news! It is not easy to find a good job that can support a family.

A: Recently, I have paid a visit to Shanghai. It has changed a lot. It is no longer the city that it used to be.

B: I wish I could go there in the future.

Which 引导定语从句只能指代物 在从句中充当宾语，或主语。

A: Don’t you think the tree which grows against the wall is ugly?

B: I will cut down immediately.

A: Where did you put the tickets (which) I gave you yesterday?

B:Oh, my Gold! I lost them!

Who 指人，作主语

Please take the note to the man who is reading.

He who laughs last laughs best.

Whom 指人，宾语

Does he look like the criminal (whom) the police are searching for?

She is not the girl (whom) I want to marry.

People are always willing to have a conversation with those with whom they have something in common.

Whose 引导定语从句时指人或物，在从句中充当定语，后需接名词

We should care the people whose relatives and possession were lost in the violent earthquake.

A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. The houses whose roofs were damaged in the fire need repairing.

As 引导限制性定语从句时，先行词前必须出现 such,或 the same!

They have the same materials as are used in the factory.

The houses were sold at such a low price as people expected.

The movie is not such as people expect.

She is not the same girl as she used to be.

2.关系副词

只有3个，分别为where when why ,

关系副词和关系代词之间的关系：关系副词= 介词+which.

行词确定介词。

This is the factoryThis is the factory≠ where)

Where

I often recall the town where I grew up.(where = in which)

The village where she used to live has already changed into a big city.

The lake where many boats and people were gone is called “the ghost lake”

当先行词是下列词时：case, point, condition ,situation, 也用关系副词

I can list many cases where student know a lot of English words and expressions but can’t write a proper essay.

Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers where consumers` complaints result in the changes in law..

After graduation she reached a point in her career Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly

如果高考中出现对话形式来考定语从句，需要注意问句！看下面两道高考题

—Where did you get to know her?

—It was on the farm _________ we worked. [2007 山东卷]

A．that B．there C．which D．where

（北京卷26）–What do you think of teaching, Bob?

–I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting.

A. where B. which C. when D. that

第一道题考的是定语从句和强调句从句的区别，第二道题考的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别。但从语法角度每道题有个正确选项，但只要你仔细体会问句，就可以选出正确答案

Where 与关系代词which的区别

This is the factory

This is the factory通过这两个句子的对比，选那个关系词取决于定语从句，再仔细观察，定语从句中的动词（及物动词与不及物动词）是解题的关键。

When 引导定语从句时，在从句中充当时间状语

Teenagers go through a period when they are strongly against their parents.(when=during which)

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