巢湖流域表层土壤氮磷空间分布特征研究

摘要采用网格分区法在巢湖流域设置了60个采样点，采取表层土样分析了全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）的空间分布特征。结果表明：(1)巢湖流域表层土壤TN平均含量1 027mg/kg，变化范围253mg/kg-2 273mg/kg， TP平均含量483 mg/kg，变化范围223 mg/kg -1 173 mg/kg。(2) 流域表层土壤TN、TP高浓度地区主要集中在东巢湖区域的柘皋河、兆河流域，低浓度地区主要集中在西巢湖区域派河、南淝河—店埠河流域。(3)与同时期测定的巢湖沉积物TN、TP数据表较表明，土壤氮素对东巢湖沉积物的贡献较大，土壤磷素对东巢湖和西巢湖底泥沉积物的贡献相近。

关键词巢湖；土壤；全氮；全磷；空间分布

Abstract setting 60 sampling points use the methods of grid division, analysed the concentration of total nitrogen（TN）and total phosphorus（TP）of surface soil. researched spatial distribution characteristics of surface soil in Chaohu basin，the results showed that：(1) average concentration of surface soil total nitrogen or total phosphorus in Chaohu basin was 1027mg/kg or 483mg/kg，range from 253mg/kg to 2 273mg/kg and 223mg/kg to 1 173mg/kg.(2)statistical analysis show that,surface soil TN and TP concentration in Chaohu basin had great difference, which have certain homologous.between 7 water systems in Chaohu basin，Zhegao river and Zhao river district surface soil TN and TP concentration relatively high, low concentration district was concentrate on PaiHe, NanFei-Dianbu etc.(3)comparing with contemporary sediment TN and TP, showed that soil N have great influence to sediment in east chaohu, influence of soil P to east chaohu and west chaohu is similar. (4) by comparing with Water quality data in 2005、2006、2007, water quality is worst in nanfei-dianben、paihe、hangbu-fengle basin which are the areas that have high concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in surface soil , having great influence to water quality in located basin.

Keywords Chaohu；Surface soil；Total Nitrogen；Total Thosphorus；Spatial distribution

在陆地生态系统中，土壤是氮素和磷素等各种养分的主要储积库。流域土壤及其养分的流失不仅影响农业生产，也是目前水环境污染的一个重要来源[1~3]。巢湖是我国五大淡水湖之一，长期以来，受不合理的人类活动影响，该流域面临着严重的环境污染及水体富营养化，已影响到流域社会经济的可持续发展。近年来，有关部门投入了大量的人力、物力、财力来治理该流域污染及水体富营养化，随着巢湖流域点源污染控制的不断深入，农业非点源以及面源污染问题显得越来越突出，土壤中N、P等营养元素的流失甚至已成为富营养化的主要因素[4]，从而导致某些特征性藻类异常增殖。因此研究土壤中N、P含量及其污染现状，对于认识土壤中的养分流失具有重要的意义[5~8]。本研究通过野外调查，研究巢湖周边地区表层土壤氮磷污染特征。