2020北京海淀初三(上)期中英语(8)

To achieve greater success, we must build good habits. James Clear gives advice on how to create better habits in his book, Atomic Habits.

According to James Clear, the process of building a habit can be divided into four steps∶ cue（提示）, desire, response, and reward. The cue causes a desire, the desire produces a response and the response provides a reward. For example, a phone buzzes when a message comes in, the buzz will arouse you desire to know what's in the message, the desire attracts you to give response by grabbing the phone and then reading the message, and then you know what's in the message, which is the reward. Over time, the brain connects the cue with the reward, so you reach for the phone once it buzzes, and now the habit is formed.

James Clear also presents four fundamental laws to build good habits.

First, make it obvious. Habits are automatic because our brains pick up cues and take action without thinking. To start a new habit, you can make your cues more obvious. To become more aware of them, you can write down your habits on a habit scorecard. Your plan of good habits can be marked with specific time or location.

Second, make it attractive. Desires differ from person to person but they encourage the development of every habit. We take action only when we expect it to produce a reward. The more useful the action is, the more we'll repeat it, until it becomes a habit that we do automatically. Thus, to form good habits, we need to make them more attractive by connecting these habits with rewards and positive feelings.

Third, make it easy. The response is the action you perform. If an action requires more effort than you are willing to put in, you won't take it. It also depends on your ability. A habit can be formed only when you are able to do it. The best way to build a habit is to practice it, and the best way to start practicing is to make it easy.

Finally, make it satisfying. Give yourself a reward when you complete your habit. Rewards can not only satisfy your desire but also tell you which actions are worth keeping. Feelings of satisfaction can help your brain tell useful actions from useless ones.

The key to creating good habits is to understand these fundamental laws. Every goal is sure to fail if it goes against human nature.

48. Of the following steps, which one is the "response"?

A. You grab the phone.

B. You hear the phone buzz.

C. You want to know the message.

D. You know what is in the message.

49. According to the passage, James Clear believes that

A. to build a good habit, you can make it challenging

B. the key to creating good habits is to make them easy

C. desires are necessary for the development of good habits

D. the more rewards you are given, the faster you'll form a habit

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