写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit 7

Unit 7Social Problems

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写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit 7

Unit ObjectivesDefinition of cause & effect Function of cause & effect

Features of cause & effectOrganization of cause & effect

How to choose right examplesTransitional phrasesBy Pizza. C

写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit 7

Warm-up Activities--- college students’ taking part-time jobs1. short of pocket money 2. relieve financial burdens

Reasons

3. offer help to some fellow students who are in financial difficulties

4. prepare for jobs in the future1. have to spend precious study time in finding or doing part-time jobs 2. lose interesting in learning 3. may do good to academic studies 4. gain experience or knowledge that cannot be obtained from booksBy Pizza. C

Results

写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit 7

Definition of cause & effectSound reasoning or logic is naturally the most important quality of any analysis. In presenting cause and effect, we should try to be objective. Overstating or understating our position would only make the analysis unconvincing. It seems convenient to state the effect first and then explain the causes. The reverse order, however, is to be preferred when one cause leads to various effects. 1. To state an effect and devote the rest of the paragraph to examining the causes. 2. To state a cause and then mention or predict the effect.By Pizza. C

写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit 7

Function of cause & effect1. Cause and effect serves as a useful means to describe or analyze phenomena, problems, influences, etc. 2. We often find ourselves in situations where we need to discuss causes or effects in order to better understand what is being discussed: places, people, features, advantages or disadvantages. 3. How to express cause-and-effect relationships effectively is crucial to meaningful communication.By Pizza. C

写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit 7

Features of cause & effect

Cause 1 Effect Cause 2 Cause

Effect 1Effect 2 Effect 3

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写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit 7

Fill out the forms with the appropriate and relevant informationLike English in high school

be easy to find a job after graduationhave an uncle who once majored in English be good at language learning

less income employers do not like it save energy

more free timeBy Pizza. C

写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit 7

Study the following words and phrases and divide them into the following 2 groups.

now that, the reason for, thanks to, becausesince, as, due to, because of, owing to

consequently, therefore, so, as a result, thusit follows that, accordingly, hence, so that

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写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit 7

Sample 1- P67 Questions 1. This paragraph is developed around the problem of “the lack of parking” complained about by US city residents. 2. Single effect and multiple causes. In this way, the

writing shows a logical cause-and-effect pattern, whichmight consequently attract more concern or efforts in the problem’s solution. 3. The 3 causes are presented from the most direct to the most indirect.By Pizza. C

写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit 7

Causes 1. ______________________________ 2. More cars are constantly produced. 3.Both city governments or governmental ______________________________agencies have financ

ial headaches

EffectLack of parking in cities

Over a million cars are abandoned on the streets.

Superficial / direct Deepest / indirect

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写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit 7

Sample 2 P68 Questions 1. The problem addresses refers to the issue of terrorist attacks. This issue has brought about at least three major aspects of consequence or effect. 2. The paragraph addresses the cause rather than effects right at the beginning. 3. No. It follows a pattern of single cause and multiple effects. Unlike Sample 1 in which effect is addressed first and causes are traced backwards, Sample 2 states briefly at the beginning the issue of terrorist attacks as a direct cause, and then dwells upon three major effects, some factual and some predicted.By Pizza. C

写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit 7

Cause

Effects

1.The Americans feel very anxious and panicky.

The terrorist strikes

2. The government trends to make political errors. 3. The public would wind up ignoring the one warning that really matters.

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写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit 7

CauseLack of regulation

Effect-cause

Effects

Tiger’s power / beauty / mystery

Tigers privately kept as pets in Texas

Lots of undertrained tiger owners

Disasters happening to children

Neglect of commitment abandonmentBy Pizza. C

写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit 7

Cause / Reason

Effect / Impact

…may be among other reasons … is the net result Transitional phrases Thanks to… It leaves some serious Account / find some reason for consequences. Linking phrases for causerise to a host of It may give / effect Attribute A to B problems. Be due to several factors The effect Be partly caused by… Just as… is… is evident. immediate result it produces Be precisely why… The resultThethat… is is… Why…? For one thing… … is precisely influence has not been The why… To stem from the fact that… confined to … …may be among other reasons To view…as a response to… The result is that… … factors weigh heavily for… There are a number of effects. Another important reason is… bring about… cause a sweeping change exert a profound influence That’s the reason why… Result in …By Pizza. C

写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit 7

Keys

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写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit 7

/youyouwoxinlr

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