Where: Ayvali, Turkey

How much: Between $130 and $475 a night

Why it’s cool: This is caveman cool! Experience what it was like 5,000 years ago, when people lived in these mountain caves formed by volcanic ash. But your stay will be much more modern. Bathrooms and electricity provide what you expect from a modern hotel, and the white volcanic ash, called tufa, keeps the rooms cool, about 65℉ in summer. (Don’t worry—there is heat in winter.)

45. What do we know about Tayka Hotel de Sal?

A. It is located on a prehistoric lake.

B. It should be protected against the rain.

C. Everything in the hotel is made of salt.

D. You have to cross a rope bridge to the hotel.

46. What is the similarity of the four hotels?

A. Being expensive. B. Being comfortable.

C. Being natural. D. Being unique.

47. What does the underlined part “Sweet Willy” refer to?

A. The name of the hotel.

B. The name of the hotel owner.

C. The building of Dog Bark Park Inn B&B.

D. The name of a pet dog of the hotel owner.

48. Which of the hotels makes you have a feeling of living in the far past?

A. Tayka Hotel De Sal B. Green Magic Nature Resort

C. Dog Bark Park Inn B&B D. Gamirasu Cave Hotel

49. What may be the purpose of the writer writing the passage?

A. To show his wide knowledge.

B. To introduce some interesting hotels.

C. To develop business in tourism.

D. To attract attention from the readers.

C

Rene Descartes’ explanation of pain has long been acknowledged in medicine. He proposed that pain is a purely physical phenomenon – that tissue injury makes specific nerves send a signal to the brain, causing the mind to notice pain. The phenomenon, he said, is like pulling on a rope to ring a bell in the brain. It is hard to overstate how deeply fixed this account has become. In medicine, doctors see pain in Descartes’ terms — as a physical process, a sign of tissue injury.

The limitations of this explanation, however, have been apparent for some time, since people with obvious injuries sometimes report feeling no pain at all. Later, researchers proposed that Descartes’ model be replaced with what they called the gate control theory of pain. They argued that before pain signals reach the brain, they must first go through a gating mechanism in the spinal cord(脊髓). In some cases, this imaginary gate could simply stop pain signals from getting to the brain.

Their most just signals from sensory nerves but also emotions and other ―output‖ from the